Annexe 20 - Etude nationale Suède

Comm/Agri

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• Publié par: Lomif
• Nombre de lectures: 17
• Langue: English

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EVALUATION DES MESURES
AGRO-ENVIRONNEMENTALES



AGRI/ G4/ 2004








ANNEXE 20 : ETUDE NATIONALE SUEDE










Novembre 2005






Helsinki, Finland Evaluation of agri-environmental measures - Sweden

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INVENTORY OF AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES IN SWEDEN ......................................1
1.1 Terminology........................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Brief presentation of measures by type ............................................................................... 1
1.3 Details of AEM ...................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.1 List of measures................................................................................................................................. 2
2. TYPOLOGIES OF ACTIONS AND MEASURES.........................................................................4
3. CONTEXT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AEM: THE SWEDISH AEM SCHEME....................5
3.1 Historic of the AEM implementation in Sweden................................................................ 5
3.2 Main target of the AEM of the RDR in Sweden................................................................. 6
3.3 Organisation of the implementation in Sweden.................................................................. 6
3.3.1 Planning............................ 6
3.3.2 Implementation and control............................................................................................................... 6
3.3.3 Monitoring......................................................................................................................................... 7
3.3.4 Level of development of good agricultural practice documentation ................................................. 7
3.4 Level of implementation of the measures............................................................................ 8
4. ANSWERS TO EVALUATION QUESTIONS10
4.1 Theme nº 1: Environmental impacts of agri-environmental measures - Sub-theme nº 1:
biodiversity....................................................................................................................................... 10
4.1.1 Q 1: To what extent has biodiversity (species richness) been maintained or enhanced by agri-
environmental measures?................................................................................................................ 10
4.1.2 Q 2: To what extent have habitats been maintained or enhanced by agri-environmental measures?
........................................................................................................................................................ 14
4.1.3 Q 3: To what extent have genetic resources been maintained or enhanced by agri-environmental
measures through the safeguarding of endangered breeds or plant varieties? ................................ 18
4.2 Theme nº 1: Environmental impacts of agri-environmental measures - Sub-theme nº 2:
Natural resources ............................................................................................................................ 21
4.2.1 Q 4: To what extent has water quality been maintained or enhanced by agricultural measures?.... 21
4.2.2 Q 5: To what extent has water quantity been maintained or enhanced by agricultural measures?.. 28
4.2.3 Q 6: To what extent has soil quality been maintained or enhanced, and soil erosion been prevented
by agri-environmental measures? ................................................................................................... 28
4.2.4 Q 7: To what extent have agri-environmental measures had impacts on other environmental
resources not covered above (e.g. air, …) or has other environmental impacts not listed? ............ 31
4.3 Theme nº 1 : Environmental impacts of agri-environmental measures - Sub-theme nº 3:
Landscape ........................................................................................................................................ 31
4.3.1 Q 8: To what extent have rural landscapes been maintained or enhanced by agri-environmental
measures? 31
4.4 Theme nº 2a: Institutional and contextual issues which determine the success of agri-
environmental policy....................................................................................................................... 35
4.4.1 Q 9: To what extent have institutional structures and working methods at all levels in the Member
states facilitate/hindered the construction of good quality agri-environmental programmes and
measures?.................. 35
4.4.2 Q 10: To what extent is funding for agri-environmental programmes and measures adequate (e.g.
in the EU contribution, Member states budget, Regional budget, payment levels for farmers, etc.)
and how has the level of funding influenced uptake and programme quality? ............................... 37
4.4.3 Q 11: To what extent is the monitoring, evaluation and control of agri-environmental measures in
place in the Member states adequate to the task? To what extent have the results of monitoring and
Evaluation of agri-environmental measures - Sweden

evaluation been used to improve programmes? What lessons can be learned from best practices on
monitoring, evaluation and control? ............................................................................................... 37
4.4.4 Q 12: To what extent have other implementation or contextual factors (such as the attitude
towards/knowledge about agri-environment at all levels in the Member states, the level of GFP,
other CAP/EU measures, minimum 5-years contracts, farmers as the only beneficiaries, etc.)
influenced programmes uptake and environment effectiveness?.................................................... 39
4.5 Theme nº 2b: Economic efficiency of measures. Payment mechanism. ......................... 40
4.5.1 Q 13: What differences are there in the budget spending and the administrative effort of different
measures having similar environmental outcomes? How could less efficient measure be improved?
What lessons can be learned from very efficient measures (best practices)?.................................. 40
4.5.2 Q 14: Is the present way of applying payment mechanism (based on costs incurred plus income
foregone plus an incentive where necessary) suited to achieving the desired environmental
outcome? Do payment reflect costs incurred and income foregone? Are incentive payments when
used, being justified? Can any improvements be suggested to the payment mechanism, which
would maintain compatibility with WTO rules?............................................................................. 40
4.6 Theme nº 3: The socio-economic impact of agri-environmental measures.................... 42
4.6.1 Q 15 : To what extent have agri-environmental measures provided farmers with opportunity of a
gainful activity (provision of environmental services)? To what extent have they contributed to
enhancing the image of agriculture as a provider of services to society? ....................................... 42
4.7 Theme nº 4: Objectives and targeting of agri-environmental measures ........................ 43
4.7.1 Q 16: To what extent agri-environmental measures designed with clear environmental objectives?
To what extent have Member states and Regions chosen to target their agri-environmental
measures to areas and topics covered by Community environmental legislation or objectives? .... 43
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..........................................................................44
5.1 Recommendations ............................................................................................................... 46
APPENDICE ...............................................................................................................................48
Annex 1: List of people met .................................................................................................... 48
Annex 2: Main bibliography identified in relation with the study...................................... 49

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Measures and their numbers 1
Table 2. Swedish AEM measures 2
Table 3. “Light” and “dark” green measures 3
Table 4. Typology of Swedish AEM measures 4
Table 5. Budget of LBU environmental support measures 9
Table 6. Level of implementation of Swedish AEM measures 9
Table 7. Objectives of measures addressing biodiversity 11
Table 8. Methods and mddressing biodiversity 11
Table 9. Inventory of biodiversity measures 12
Table 10. Main subjects on which to gather information to evaluate the effects of AEMs on ordinary
biodiversity 12
Table 11. Budgets and success rates for biodiversity measures 13
Table 12. Objectives of measures addressing habitats and specific biodiversity 15
Table 13. Table 1 Methods and measures addressing habitats and specific biodiversity 15
Table 14. Inventory of measures addressing habitats and specific biodiversity 16
Table 1