Coastal sciences

European Commission Directorate-General For Research And Innovation

Description

Research at the land-ocean-atmosphere interface in the environment programme (1991-1994)
Environmental research
Environment policy and protection of the environment

Informations

• Publié par: EUROPEAN-COMMISSION-DIRECTORATE-GENERAL-FOR-RESEARCH-AND-INNOVATION
• Nombre de lectures: 9
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

ECOSYSTEMS RESEARCH REPORT 14
COASTAL SCIENCES
RESEARCH AT
THE LAND-OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE
INTERFACE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
PROGRAMME (1991-1994)
Edited by C. Nolan
Report
EUR 15911 EN
EUROPEAN COMMISSION O o 3 Y Published by lhe
European Commission
Dircclonue-Gcneral XII
Science, Research and Development
Environment Research Programme
L-2°20 Luxembourg
This is Report 14 in the Ecosystems Research Report Scries οΓ the Environmental Research
Programme of the European Commission, Directorate-General for Science, Research and
Development.
For more information concerning this scries, please contact:
Dr. Canicc Nolan
EC-DGXI1/D/1
200, rue de la Loi
Β - 104'; Brussels
No part ol' this publication may be reproduced, stored in a rclrival system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without
indicating the abovementioned references.
LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is
responsible for the use which might be made of the following information.
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1995
ISBN 92-X27-OOX2-X 7
Θ ECSC-EC EAEC, Brussels · Luxembourg, 1995 Λ
Printed in Belgium SUMMARY
Dissemination of information is an important but often-overlooked component of research
programmes. In the ENVIRONMENT, as in the other Community Research Programmes of the
European Commission, details of projects are regularly published and widely distributed in projects
catalogues. Within the specific projects, individual scientists are actively encouraged to publish
their results in the open scientific literature and in the proceedings of specialist workshops,
symposia, etc.
This report focusses on research in coastal areas. It describes research on basic environmental
processes, including biogeochemistry and climatology, at that most dynamic of interfaces - the
boundary where land, sea and air interact. Details of research on the impacts of both natural and
anthropogenic global change are also presented. A key component of the overall land-ocean-
atmosphere equation - research on the societal and economic aspects of coastal zone management -
is also included. Theh described forms a coherent and self-contained package but should
be viewed as being complementary not only to the other research topics in the ENVIRONMENT
Programme but also to the research efforts of the EU and EFTA Member States and to the MAST
Community Research Programme of the Commission (described on page 151).
m Publications to date in the Ecosystems Research Reports Series include :
1. Decomposition and accumulation of organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems : research
priorities and approaches (N. Van Breeman, Ed.)
2. The NTTREX Project : Nitrogen saturation experiments (N.B. Dise & R.F. Wright, Eds.)
3. The CORE Project : Regulation of organic matter and nutrient turnover in the soil
comportment of European Forests (M. Raubuch, Ed.)
4. Experimental manipulations of biota and biogeochemical cycling in ecosystems approach and
methodologies - Findings (L. Rasmussen, T. Brydges & P. Mathy, Eds.)
5. Effects of forest fires on Mediterranean Ecosystems (L. Trabaud, R. Prodam & P. Mathy,
Eds.)
6. Design and Execution of experiments on C0 enrichment (E.D. Schulze and H.A. Mooney, 2
Eds.)
7. The EXMAN Project : Experimental manipulation of forest ecosystems in Europe (C. Beier
& L. Rasmussen, Eds.)
8. Introduced species in European coastal waters (C.F. Boudouresque, F. Briand & C. Nolan,
Eds.)
9. ALPE-1 : Acidification of Mountain Lakes. Paleolimnology and ecology (B.M. Wathne,
& S.T. Patrick, Eds.)
10. Arctic Terrestrial Ecossytems and Global Change (T. Callaghan, Ed.)
11. ELOISE : European Land-Ocean Interaction and Shelf Exchange (C. Heip, Ed.)
12. Decomposition and accumulation of organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems (P. Buurman,
Ed.)
13. The Effects of Environmental UV-B Radiation on Health & Ecosystems (C. Nolan, Ed.)
14. Coastal Sciences - Research at the land-ocean-atmosphere interface in the ENVIRONMENT
Programme (1991-1994) (C. Nolan, Ed.)
15. A review of Environmental Health and Chemical Safety in the STEP (1989-92) and
ENVIRONMENT (1991-94) Research Programmes (C. Nolan, Ed.)
IV TABLE OF CONTENTS
Summary iii
Introduction to the environmental Research Programmes of the Commission 5
The ENVIRONMENT Programme 7
Coastal Science Research in the ENVIRONMENT Programme 10
The 51 projects under shared-cost action
Biogeochemistry
Oder Discharge-Environmental Response (ODER) 19
Fluxes of agrochemicals into the marine environment (FAME) 23
Biogeochemistry of the MAximum TURbidity zone in Estuaries (MATURE)5
The effect of the bioavailability and turnover of low-molecular-weight organic
compounds on the degradation and preservation of organic matter within sediments 27
EROS 2000. Pilot phase (1994-1998). The interactions between the river Danube and
the North Western Black Sea 29
Primary productivity and microbially activated transport of elements
(C, P, Fe) in tide-influenced deposits (PRO-MAT) 33
Biogeochemistry o/Phaeocystis colonies and their derived aggregates5
Eutrophication
Coastal Lagoon Eutrophication and Anaerobic Processes (CLEAN) 39
Marine Eutrophication and Benthic Macrophytes (EUMAC) 4
Eutrophic Limits of the Northern Adriatic (ELNA)5
Production and accumulation of labile organic matter in the Adriatic (PALOMA) 47
Nutrients in the Northern Adriatic Sea : consequences ofN/P/Si loads and
different ratios for the development ofmicroalgae, with particular reference
to harmful species (MARE) 49
Development and fate of cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic 53
Biogeochemical nutrients cycling in large river systems (BINOCULARS)5
East-West perspective on the riverine load of nutrients to the Baltic7
1 Wetlands
The effects of environmental changes on European salt marshes : structure,
functioning, and exchange potentialities with marine coastal water 61
Disturbance of European salt marsh ecosystems : the impact of environmental
pollution (eutrophication) in relation to sedimentation patterns3
Ecotoxicology
Evaluation of harmful effects of pollutants in marine ecosystems using biomarkers 67
Biological markers of environmental contamination in marine ecosystems 69
UV-B radiation effects
Assessment of the risks of UV-B exposure on aquatic phytoplankton 73
Microbial community response to ultraviolet-B stress in European waters (MICOR) 75
Effects of solar UV radiation on Mediterranean coastal periphytic communities 77
Atmosphere interactions
Background maritime contribution to atmospheric pollution in Europe 81
N-compounds in the marine atmosphere : transformation, aerosols, entrainment
and deposition 83
Budget of ozone over the North Atlantic (BOA)5
Hydrocarbons across the North Sea atmosphere7
Role and significance of biological processes in DMS release from ocean
to atmosphere : a close examination of the black box 89
Field studies on the tropospheric degradation mechanisms of biogenic VOCs :
Isoprene and DMS. 'FIELDVOC' 91
Climate change
Physical interactions between atmosphere, oceans and sea-ice 95
Investigations of the coupling fluxes at the air-ocean interface7
Temporal and spatial variability of Indian Ocean reefs : Climatic and
environmental record9
The global carbon cycle and its perturbation by man and climate II Part C : Ocean 101
Physical parameterizations and climate response 105
2 Ocean circulation and Global Climatic changes over last 3 interglacials.
A contribution to the coordinated program : the study of the two glacial
cycles with emphasis on entering into glaciation 107
The Northwest European Continental Shelf over the Past 250,000 Years :
Palaeoclimate, Palaeoceanography, Tectonics and Sea-level Change 109
Climate change impacts
Sea-level fluctuations : geophysical interpretation and environmental impact (SELF) 113
Climate and sea level change and the implications for Europe 115
Sea-level change and the stability and activity of coastal and island volcanoes7
The impact of climate change and relative sea-level rise on the environmental
resources of European coasts 119
Relative sea-level changes and extreme flooding events around European coasts 121
The management of the consequences of climatic change: extreme seasurge and
runoff events 123
Genesis and impact of tsunamis on the European coasts 127
Desertification risk assessment and land use planning in a Mediterranean coastal area .... 129
Study on the coastline evolution of the eastern Po plain due to sea level change
caused by climate variation and to natural and anthropic subsidence 131
Impact of climatic change on northwestern Mediterranean deltas (MEDDELT)3
Climate change and coastal evolution in Europe 135
Impact of storms on waves and surges : changing climate in the past 100 years and
perspectives for the future 137
Societal and Economic Issues
The Baltic drainage basin project 141
Management of renewable resource