Ecological basis of livestock grazing in Mediterranean ecosystems

European Commission Directorate-General For Research And Innovation

Description

Proceedings of the International workshop held in Thessaloniki (Greece) on October 23 to 25, 1997
Environmental research
Environment policy and protection of the environment

Informations

• Publié par: EUROPEAN-COMMISSION-DIRECTORATE-GENERAL-FOR-RESEARCH-AND-INNOVATION
• Nombre de lectures: 37
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 7 Mo

Extrait

EUR 18308
E U ROP EA Ν
COMMISSION
Environment and climate programme
ECOLOGICAL BASIS OF LIVESTOCK
GRATING IN MEDITERRANEAN
ECOSYSTEMS
EUR 18308 EN EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Edith CRESSON, Member of the Commission, responsible for
Research, Innovation, Education, Training and Youth
DG XII/D.2 — R&TD actions: Environment and Climate. Climate and
natural hazards
Contact: Mr Denis Peter
Address: European Commission, rue de la Loi 200 (SDME 7/33),
B-1049 Brussels— Tel. [phone]; fax [phone] EUROPEAN COMMISION
SCIENCE, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ECOLOGICAL BASIS OF LIVESTOCK
GRAZING IN MEDITERRANEAN ECOSYSTEMS
Proceedings of the International Workshop held in Thessaloniki
(Greece) on October 23­25, 1997
Edited by:
V.P. Papanastasis & D. Peter
Laboratory of Range Science European Commission
Faculty of Forestry and Natural Environment Rue de la Loi 200
Asristotle University, 54006 Thessaloniki Β­1049 Brussels
Greece Belgium
Sponsored by the:
E ENT EUR
Commission of the European Communítfê"
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CL ƒ LEGAL NOTICE
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Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1998
ISBN 92-828-3733-5
© European Communities, 1998
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
Printed in Belgium
PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER The present proceedings are dedicated to Emeritus Professor
Leonidas G. Liacos
as a token of deep appreciation from his colleagues of the International
Scientific Community for his outstanding merits and achievements.
m TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD 1
INTRODUCTION 3
Livestock grazing in Mediterranean ecosystems: an historical and policy
perspective
V. P. Papanastasis 5_
SESSIONI: GRAZING AND VEGETATION 11
Plant responses to grazing: a comparative evaluation of annual and
perennial grasses
D.D. Briske and I. Noy-Meir 13_
Effects of grazing on Mediterranean grasslands: the community level
I. Noy-Meir 27
The effects of changing farming systems on landscape-scale nutrient
flows and plant diversity in grasslands
B.H. Green 40_
Long term effects of grazing on biodiversity of a Mediterranean grassland
in northern Greece
Z.Koukoura, C. Tsiouvaras and V.P. Papanastasis 53_
Yearly changes in vegetation of a semi-arid grassland under various
stocking rates and grazing systems
C.N. Tsiouvaras, Z. Koukoura, P.Platis and A. Ainalis 58
Grazing effect on NPP in Mediterranean grasslands of S W Spain
R. Fernandez Ales and M. J. Leiva 62
Differences in plant response to defoliation among annual and perennial
Mediterranean grasses
M. J. Leiva andR. Fernandez Ales 67_
Effects of clipping and burning on the aboveground biomass of Phlomis
fruticosa L. seedlings
S. S. Kandrelis and V. P. Papanastasis 72__
The regeneration of Mediterranean vegetation in degraded ecosystems as
a result of grazing pressure exclusion: the case of Lesvos island
E. Koutsidou and N.S. Morgans 76
Growth dynamics of some woody fodder plants in relation to spacing and
grazing
A.B. Ainalis, C.N. Tsiouvaras, B. Noitsakis and V.P. Papanastasis 80
Evolution of biomass and productivity of grazed and ungrazed kermes
oak shrubs in an insular phryganic ecosystem of Naxos, Greece
G.M. Tsiourlis6 Are Cretan endemics threatened by grazing?
E. Bergmeier 90_
Effects of grazing on the structure of phryganic ecosystems in the
Asterousia mountain of Crete, Greece
G.M. Tsiourlis, P. Kasapidis, A. Parmakelis and M. Dretakis 94_
Preliminary results on breeding bird communities in relation to grazing in
Mediterranean ecosystems of Asterousia mountain in Crete, Greece
M. Dretakis and G.M. Tsiourlis 98_
Effects of grazing on the natural forests of western Crete
B. R. Egli 103
SESSION II: GRAZING, NUTRIENTS AND DESERTIFICATION7
The effect of grazing on nutrient cycling in grasslands
L. 't Mannetje 109
Desertified watersheds: impact of grazing and some management interventi
V. R. Squires 120
Effects of grazing on soil and desertification: a view from the southern
Mediterranean rim
A.Aidoud, F. Aidoud-Lounis and H. Slimani 133
Nitrogen and grazing effects on seasonal changes of productivity in a
lowland grassland
A.P. Mamólos, K.L. Kalburtji, G.K. Elisseou, V.P. Papanastasis, and D.S. 149
Veresoglou
Effect of vegetation cover modification by grazing on water runoff in a
sandy-loamy grassland
H. Hellali and A. S. Nastis 154
Biological indicators of land degradation along an altitudinal gradient of
western Crete
M. Arianoutsou, D. Kazanis, C. Radea and S. Papavassiliou 159
Fires and overgrazing: the main driving forces of desertification in the
Aegean islands
N.S. Margaris and E. Koutsidou __ 167
SESSION III: GRAZING PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL 171
IMPLICATIONS
Grazing in Mediterranean ecosystems: a complex approach as addressed
in the EU MEDALUS project.
G. Pulina, A. Cappio-Borlino, M. d'Angelo andA.H.D. Francescani 173
Modelling the impact of grazing on vegetation in the Mediterranean: the
approach of the ModMED Project
G Legg, V. P. Papanastasis, D. Heathfield, M. Arianoutsou, A. Kelly, R. 189
Muetzelfeldt and S. Mazzoleni
VI Plant - animal interactions
A. S. Nastis 200
Environmental constraints to livestock husbandry in arid lands
H. N. Le Houerou210
Effect of weather conditions on browsing behaviour of goats in a
Mediterranean shrubland
M. Decandia, M. Sitzia, G. Molle, Ν. Fois and G. Fois 227
Behaviour of goats in burned and unburned shrublands in northern
Greece
M.D. Yiakoulaki, M.S. Kodona, R. Mathur and A.S. Nastis 231
Livestock grazing systems and land use: the case of northern Portugal
before the EU agrarian policy
J. F. de Castro, M. M. Ferreira de Castro and A. Gomez Sal 235
Effect of grazing management on annual medic pastures in southern
France
J.J.Rochon, J.P. Goby and G. Gintzburger 239
Effects of different modalities of grazing with fallow deer on brambleand
olive sprouts in central Italy
N. Stagliano, G. Argenti, A. Pardini, S. Sabatini and P. Talamucci 244
Effect of dairy sheep grazing management on canopy structure of amixed
sward in a Mediterranean environment
M. Sitzia, N. Fois, C Porqueddu, L. Sulas and S. Ligios 249
Small ruminant grazing in Mediterranean kermes oak shrublands
T.G. Papachristou and P. D. Platis254
Increasing grazing capacities of Mediterranean-type grazinglands in Turkey
R. Hatipoglu and T. Tukel 259
Effects of herbivory on growth and survival of seedlings and saplingsof
Pinus sylvestris nevadensis in SE Spain
J.A. Hodar, J. Castro, J.M. Gomez, D. Garcia and R. Zamora 264
Spring grazing management of Italian ryegrass with dairy sheep ina
rainfed Mediterranean environment
P. P.Roggero, M.Sitzia, G. Molle and Ν. Fois 268_
SESSION IV: POLICIES AND STRATEGIES 273
Relationships between ecological andsocio-economicevaluations of
grazing in Mediterranean ecosystems
A. Gomez-Sal 275
Ecological health of Mediterranean rangelands:isgrazinglivestockthe
prominent driving force ?
H. Narjisse 287
VII European policies and livestock grazing in Mediterranean ecosystems
M. Dubost 298
Recent changes in transhumance systems: effects on mountain pasture
management and conservation
S. Rebollo and A. Gomez-Sal 312
Grazing management problems and their consequences in Turkey
T. Tukel and R. Hatipoglu318
Role of livestock husbandry in social and landscape changes in White
Mountains and Psilorites of Crete
G Lyrintzis, V. P. Papanastasis and I. Ispikoudis 322
Livestock farming systems and economics in the Psilorites mountainof
Crete, Greece
C. Zioganas, E. Anephalos and V. P. Papanastasis 328
Support priorities in range economy: the case of Aridea county, Greece
A. Christodoulou332
GENERAL SESSION 337
Summaryofthesessions
ΖKoukoura,.,B.Noitsakis, R. Fernandez Ales, J.J. Rochon and A. Pardini 339
Conclusionsandrecommendations
V.P. Papanastasis, G. Enne, M. Dubost, Ν. Seligman, P. Talammuciand343
L.Liacos
A brief profile of professor Leonidas G. Liacos
H.N. Le Houerou 345
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 347
VIII