Sources and Transport Characteristicsof Mineral Dust in Dronning Maud Land,AntarcticaDissertation zur Erlangung des GradesDr. rer. nat.vorgelegt demFachbereich Geowissenschaftender Universit¨ at BremenvonAnna WegnerTag der mundlic¨ hen Prufung:¨ 19. Mai 2008Sources and Transport Characteristicsof Mineral Dust in Dronning Maud Land,AntarcticaGutachter:Prof. Dr. Heinrich MillerProf. Dr. Gerhard BohrmannContents1 Introduction 32 Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Dust 92.1 Dust as an Aerosol ............................ 92.2 Dust in Ice Cores ............................. 102.3 Description of the Dust Size ....................... 112.4 Sources of Dust .............................. 132.5 Transport of dust 163 Rare Earth Elements 194 Dust Measurements in Ice Cores 244.1 Laser Sensor................................ 244.2 Coulter Principle ............................. 274.3 Measurements of Dust Concentration and Size ............. 284.4 Calibration of the Laser Sensor ..................... 295 Dust Concentration and Size in the EPICA-DML Ice Core 355.1 Sampling Sites .............................. 355.2 Core Sections ............................... 355.3 Seasonal Variability of Glacial Dust ................... 365.4 Dust Transport to DML in the Last Glacial .............. 395.5 Seasonal Variability of Dust in the Antarctic Cold Reversal ...... 425.6 Dust Transport to DML during the An Cold Reversal ..... 445.