The Organisation of Trade in North Sumatra: Batak Traders and Trading Networks [Elektronische Ressource] / Kathrin-Christine Situmorang. Philosophische Fakultät

Kathrin-Christine Situmorang

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Informations

• Publié par: rheinische_friedrich-wilhelms-universitat_bonn
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 23
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 6 Mo

Extrait

The Organisation of Trade in North Sumatra
Batak Traders and Trading Networks
Inaugural-Dissertation
zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde
der
Philosophischen Fakultät
der
Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
zu Bonn
vorgelegt von
Kathrin-Christine Situmorang
aus
Marburg / Lahn
Bonn 2011Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Philosophischen Fakultät
der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
Zusammensetzung der Prüfungskommission:
Prof. Dr. Christoph Antweiler
(Vorsitzender)
Prof. Dr. Solvay Gerke
(Betreuerin und Gutachterin)
Prof. Dr. Hans-Dieter Evers
(Gutachter)
Prof. Dr. Stephan Conermann
(weiteres prüfungsberechtigtes Mitglied)
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 14. Juli 2011III
Acknowledgements
I thank the following persons for their kind assistance, support and a dvice, unlimited
patience, endless help, uncountable encouragements, and that they neve r stopped
believing in me.
Thank you to...
… my academic supervisors Prof. Dr. Solvay Gerke and Prof. Dr. Hans-Dieter Evers,
… Pak Asnah, Pak Manik, Pak Logam and hundreds of respondents,
… my research assistants: Bulman Situmorang, Karmila Kaban and Mama Novy,
… Annette and Stephan Flade, who helped me out with photos and interviews,
… Erika and Holger Bogatzki for every valuable and helpful discussion,
… my friends, who did not become tired discussing and reading my chapter drafts:
Manuela Peters, Martina Liel, Linda Heidecke, Debora Tydecks, Johan Holmgren,
Sabine Maack-Reinhart and Lisa Janßen.
Thank you to my wonderful family, Samsul, Juara and Ulina as well as to my parents -
thank you Papa, for every technical support!
Thank you Marijke - for everything you have done for me the last years!
In Indonesia, field research was done under the auspices of the Indonesi an Institute of
Sciences (LIPI). Thank you tor. MRuben Silitonga from LIPI andm ty Indoneo sian
academic counterpaDrtr. H, eru Nugroho of the Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Thank you also to the staff and to my batBonn Intch of theerdi sciplinary Gradua te
School for Development Research (BiGS-DR) at the Center for Developm ent
Research/University of Bonn.
Last but not least, I thank mschyol arship donors who kindly funded my work during
the last five years: The Center for Development Research / ZEF (fie ld research
allowance 2006), the German Academic Exchange Service / DAAD (Field Re search
Grant 2007) and the Evangelische Studienwerk Villigst e.V. (Graduate Schol arship
2008-2011).
I apologise if I have left out someone here.
Of course, I take full responsibility for any shortcomings of this work.
(Traditional Karo symbol bringing good luck!)IV
List of Tables
List of Ta.b.l.e.s.............................................................VI.............................................................
List of Phot.os...............................................................VI.I............................................................
List of Ma..ps..............................................................V.I.I.I..........................................................
List of Cha ..rt.s............................................................V.I.I.I..........................................................
Abbreviations................................................................I.X.............................................................
Glossary.....................................................................X.I................................................................
Some Notes on Translation..s..................................................X.I.V...............................................
Some Notes on the presented Photos.............................................X.I.V.........................................
Zusammenfassung (Executive Summary)..........................................X.V.......................................
Introduction..................................................................1...............................................................
Introduction: The Organisation of Trade in Nort.h .S.u.m.a..tr.a....................1..........................
Problem Statement and Hypothes.e.s ...........................................2...........................................
Primary and Secondary Research Questi.ons......................................2.....................................
Research Goa.l.s............................................................3...........................................................
Scientific Relevanc..e........................................................4.......................................................
Social Relevanc..e. .........................................................5.........................................................
Outline of the Study..........................................................8.......................................................
Chapter 1: The Batak People in North Sum.at.r.a................................10..................................
The Setting: Indones.i.a.. ...................................................10....................................................
The Province of North Sumatra (Sumatera Utara / .S.UM..U.T..)................13.....................
The Straits of Ma.l.a..c.c.a...............................................15..................................................
Medan .................................................................16.............................................................
Taneh Karo/Karo Highl..a..nds............................................18..............................................
Pematangsianta..r. ......................................................23......................................................
Batam Island (Riau Archipe...l.a..go..).. ..................................23.........................................
The Peop.l.e..............................................................24..............................................................
The Mystical “Ada...t.”. ................................................28...................................................
Merga si Lima / Sangkep .si.. T..e.l.u......................................30..........................................
Summary .................................................................35...............................................................
Chapter 2: Historical Perspectives...............................................36............................................
Pre-colonial Trade and Trad..i.ng ..P.a..t.te.r.ns..............................36.......................................
Trade Colonialism – Early Europe.a..n ..I.mpa....c.t.s.........................48...................................
Colonialism and Trade in the Nineteenth and Twenti.e.t.h ..C.e.nt.u.ry. . ..........50...................
Post-colonial Per.i.od.......................................................57......................................................
Summary .................................................................58..............................................................
Chapter 3: The Organisation of Trade I
Traders and Trading Forms ...................................................60.................................................
A Definition of T.r.a..de.. .................................................61.....................................................
Different Types of T.ra..de...rs. ............................................64.................................................
Retaile.rs. .............................................................66............................................................
Intermediary Traders (Middl.e.m.e.n).......................................69........................................
Commercial Peasants & Fa.r.m.e.rs........................................74..........................................
How to become a Trade...r..................................................82...................................................
Women as Trade .r.s........................................................93........................................................V
Formal Process to open a Bus.i..ne.s.s.........................................96...........................................
Trade Beneath the Level of the Marke..t.p..l.a..c.e.............................99....................................
Summary ................................................................102.............................................................
Chapter 4: The Organisation of Trade II
Production, Transport and Allocation of Commodi.t.ie.s.........................105..........................
Traded Goods.............................................................106..........................................................
Transportation by Road, Sea a.nd ...A.i.r.w..a..y.............................109.....................................
Storage Room ............................................................114..........................................................
Marketing Channels and Market. P.l..a..ce.s. ................................116......................................
Trans-Boundary Trading Netw..or.ks.........................................123..........................