The role of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system for the interaction of Brassicaceae with the turnip sawfly Athalia rosae (L.) [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Nora Verena Travers-Martin, geb. Martin

Informations

• Publié par: julius-maximilians-universitat_wurzburg
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 21
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

The role of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system
for the interaction of Brassicaceae with the
turnip sawfly Athalia rosae (L.)
Dissertation zur Erlangung
des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades
der Julius-Maximilians-Universit¨ at Wurz¨ burg
vorgelegt von
Nora Verena Travers-Martin, geb. Martin
aus Kassel
W¨ urzburg 2007Eingereichtam: .................................................
Mitglieder der Promotionskommission
Vorsitzender:
Erstgutachterin: Prof. Dr. Caroline Mu¨ller, Universit¨ at Bielefeld
Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Martin J. Mu¨ller, Universit¨ at Wurz¨ burg
TagdesPromotionskolloquiums: .................................................
Promotionsurkunde ausgeha¨ndigtam:Contents
1 Introduction 11
1.1 Theglucosinolate-myrosinasesystem......................1
1.2 Herbivoresonglucosinolate-containingplants.........14
1.3 Variationinplantdefence............................16
1.4 Studysystemandscopeofwork ............18
1.5 Hypothesesandquestions............................21
2 Revised determination of soluble and insoluble myrosinase activities in
plant extracts 23
2.1 Introduction....................................25
2.2 Materialsandmethods..................28
2.2.1 Plantmaterialandprocessingofsamples ...............28
2.2.2 Myrosinaseasay.........................28
2.2.3 Glucosinolate-retardingpropertiesofSephadexA-25.........30
2.2.4 Substrate specificity of soluble and insoluble myrosinases..30
2.2.5 Effectsofascorbicacidonglucosedetermination...........31
2.3 Results...................................31
2.3.1 Freeze-drying effects on myrosinase activity concentrations . . . . . 31
2.3.2 Glucosinolate-retardingpropertiesofSephadexA-25.........32
2.3.3 Activity and substrate specificity of soluble and insoluble myrosinases 33
2.3.4 Effectsofascorbicacidonglucosedetermination...........34
2.4 Discussion.................................36
2.4.1 Samplepreparation ...................36
2.4.2 Asayconditions.........................37
2.4.3 Detection.........................38
2.4.4 Conclusions............................403 Induction of plant responses by a sequestering insect: Relationship of
glucosinolate concentration and myrosinase activity 43
3.1 Introduction....................................46
3.2 Materialsandmethods..................48
3.2.1 Planting and induction experiment . . . ................48
3.2.2 Analysisofglucosinolates................49
3.2.3 Analysisofmyrosinaseactivity.....................50
3.2.4 Analysesofprimarymetabolitesandwatercontent......51
3.2.5 Statisticalanalyses............................51
3.3 Results...........................52
3.3.1 Glucosinolatelevels ...........................52
3.3.2 Myrosinaseactivity................5
3.3.3 Corelationsbetwenglucosinolateandmyrosinaselevels ......56
3.3.4 Primarymetabolitesandwatercontent ............57
3.4 Discusion.................................58
3.4.1 Conclusions........................61
4 Specificity of plant responses in Sinapis alba L. and their effects on a
specialist herbivore 63
4.1 Introduction....................................65
4.2 Methodsandmaterials..................67
4.2.1 Planting and induction experiment . . . ................67
4.2.2 Analysisofglucosinolates................67
4.2.3 Analysisofmyrosinaseactivity.....................68
4.2.4 Analysesofsolubleproteinandwatercontents........69
4.2.5 Behavioural experiments with Athalia rosae ..............69
4.2.6 Plantvascularconnectivity...................70
4.2.7 Statisticalanalyses....................70
4.3 Results...................................71
4.3.1 Damagepaterns.....................71
4.3.2 Glucosinolateconcentrationsandmyrosinaseactivities....73
4.3.3 Solubleproteinandwatercontent ...................76
4.3.4 Behavioural experiments with Athalia rosae ..........7
4.3.5 Plantvascularconnectivity.......................78
4.4 Discusion.........................79
4.4.1 Specificity according to mode of induction . . . . . . . . . ......79
4.4.2 Specificityaccordingtoplantcultivar .............80
4.4.3 Consequencesforinteraction ..................80
4.4.4 Conclusions............................825 Matching plant defence syndromes with preference and performance of
a specialist herbivore 83
5.1 Introduction....................................85
5.2 Materialsandmethods..................87
5.2.1 Plantandinsectmaterial........................87
5.2.2 Leafchemistry..................88
5.2.3 Leafmorphologyandwatercontent ..................91
5.2.4 Insectperformanceparameters.............91
5.2.5 Insectpreferencebioasays .......................92
5.2.6 Statisticalanalyses................92
5.3 Results.......................................95
5.3.1 Plantdefencesyndromes.............95
5.3.2 Insectperformanceandpreference...................101
5.3.3 Multipleregresionanalysesonplantandinsecttraits....11
5.4 Discusion.....................................14
5.4.1 Plantdefencesyndromes.............114
5.4.2 Insectperformanceandpreference...................15
5.4.3 Matchingofplantandinsectclusters..........17
5.4.4 Conclusions................................18
6 Discussion 121
6.1 Variationwithinplantindividualsandshort-termeffects...........121
6.2 Variationbetwenplantspeciesandlong-termeffects.........130
6.3 Comparisonbetwenshort-termandlong-termeffects............134
6.4 Perspectivesandfutureprospects....................137
A Growth of organs after induction treatments 139
B Syndrome supplementary material 145
Bibliography 155
List of Figures 179
List of Tables 181
Summary 183
Zusammenfassung 18710