The significance of cremations in early neolithic communities in Central Europe [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Iris Trautmann

Iris Trautmann

Informations

• Publié par: eberhard_karls_universitat_tubingen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 80
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 18 Mo

Extrait

The Significance of Crema tions in
Early Neolithic Communi ties i n Central Europe
Dissertati on
zur Erlangu ng des G rades ei nes Dokto rs der Naturwissenschaften
der Geowissenschaftlichen Fakultät
der Eberhard-Karls -Univ ersität Tübingen
vorgelegt v on
Iris Trau tmann
aus Bad Soden a m Taunus, D eutschland
2006Tag der m ündlichen Prüfun g: 16. Februar 2007
Dekan: Pro f. Dr. Pete r Grat hwohl
1. Bericht erstatter: PD Dr. Jo achim Wahl
2. Berichter: Prof. Nicholas Cona rd, PhD
Page 2Dedicated to my M om and Dad
Page 3Page 4Table of Contents
Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................9
A . Introduction ..........................................................................................................................11
B. Developmen t and Character istics of the LBK ......................................................................15
1 Interact ion with the Neighbors. .......................................................................................17
1.1 Me solithic Populations and the LBK ........................................................................17
2 La Hoguette and Limburg Cultures ..................................................................................21
3 Agricultural Colonization v s. Adaptation24
4 mtDNA Evidence for Migration and Interaction .............................................................25
4.1 Paleolithic Survival v s. Neolithic Replacement.......................................................25
4.2 O rigins of European Cattle26
4.3 D NA of Cremat ions ..................................................................................................27
5 Strontiu m Isotopes and Migration ....................................................................................27
5.1 The Strontiu m Isotope Method .................................................................................28
5.2 Current Investigations and Results ...........................................................................29
5.3 Strontium Isotope Analy sis and Crem ations ............................................................31
6 Archaeologica l Record .....................................................................................................33
6.1 Cerami cs and Stone Tool Traditions ........................................................................34
6.2 Longhouses ...............................................................................................................35
6.3 Earthworks, Trenches and Wells ..............................................................................36
C. Burial Practic es of the LBK .................................................................................................39
1 LBK Cemeter ies and Burials ............................................................................................40
1.1 The Netherlands ........................................................................................................41
1.2 Belgium ....................................................................................................................42
1.3 France .......................................................................................................................42
1.4 German y...................................................................................................................46
1.5 A ustria ......................................................................................................................59
1.6 Czech Republic .........................................................................................................59
1.7 Poland60
1.8 Summary of the Cemeteri es.....................................................................................60
2 LBK Settle ment Burials – A S hort Summ ary..................................................................63
2.1 I solated Skeleta l Remains.........................................................................................65
3 LBK Mass G raves - Talhei m and Asparn ........................................................................67
3.1 Talheim .....................................................................................................................67
3.2 Asparn an der Zay a...................................................................................................69
4 Summary of Burials in the LBK .......................................................................................70
D . Cre mations – Methods of Inve stigat ion ...............................................................................75
1 Chem ica l and Ph ysical Heat Induced Changes................................................................76
1.1 Hardnes s...................................................................................................................78
1.2 Shrinkage ..................................................................................................................78
1.3 Fis sures, Tears and Deformat ions ............................................................................79
2 Weight, Fragmentat ion and Complet eness .......................................................................79
3 Sex Deter mination ............................................................................................................81
3.1 Determin ing Sex from the Pars petrosa ...................................................................82
4 Age Deter mination ...........................................................................................................83
4.1 Tooth Ce mentum Annulation (TCA)85
4.2 Hi stologica l Age Deter mination86
Page 55 Measurements and How to Take Them............................................................................89
5.1 Definition of Measurem ents for Crem ations ............................................................90
6 Height Deter mination .......................................................................................................91
7 Pathology and Epigenetic Characteristi cs........................................................................92
E. Material and Methods ...........................................................................................................93
1 The Crem ations ................................................................................................................93
2 Problems with Age Deter mination ...................................................................................93
F. Results ..................................................................................................................................99
1 De scription of the Catalog of Crem ations .......................................................................99
2 Elsloo, The Netherlands .................................................................................................102
2.1 Burn Stage, Color and Degree of Fragment ation ...................................................102
2.2 Weight, Fragmentat ion and Preservation ...............................................................104
2.3 Sex Deter mination 105
2.4 Age Distribution .....................................................................................................105
2.5 Metrics ....................................................................................................................107
3 Sch wetzingen, Baden-Württe mberg, Germany..............................................................109
3.1 Burn Stage, Color and Degree of Fragment ation109
3.2 Weight, Fragmentat ion and Preservation111
3.3 Sex Deter mination ..................................................................................................115
3.4 Age Deter mination .................................................................................................116
3.5 Metrics120
3.6 Height Determ ination .............................................................................................124
3.7 Pathologies and Epigenet ic Characteristics ............................................................125
4 Fellbach- Oeffingen, Baden- Württemberg, Germany.....................................................126
4.1 Burn Stage, Color and Degree of Fragment ation ...................................................126
4.2 Weight, Fragmentat ion and Preservation ...............................................................126
4.3 Sex Deter mination 129
4.4 Age Deter mination130
4.5 Metrics ....................................................................................................................135
4.6 Double and Multipl e Burials ..................................................................................136
5 Stuttgart- Mühlhausen .....................................................................................................138
5.1 Burn Stage, Color, Fragmen t Size and Weight ......................................................138
5.2 Age and Sex Deter mination ....................................................................................138
6 Wandersleben, Thuringia, Germany..................................................................