The syllable structure of Bangla in optimality theory and its application to the analysis of verbal inflectional paradigms in distributed morphology [Elektronische Ressource] / von Somdev Kar

Somdev

Informations

• Publié par: eberhard_karls_universitat_tubingen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 37
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

The syllable structure of Bangla in
Optimality Theory and its application
to the analysis of verbal inflectional
paradigms in Distributed Morphology




von

Somdev Kar




Philosophische Dissertation
angenommen von der Neuphilologischen Fakultät
der Universität Tübingen

am 09. Januar 2009





Tübingen

2009





Gedruckt mit Genehmigung der Neuphilologischen Fakultät
der Universität Tübingen



Hauptberichterstatter : Prof. Hubert Truckenbrodt, Ph.D.
Mitberichterstatter : PD Dr. Ingo Hertrich
Dekan : Prof. Dr. Joachim Knape








ii


To my parents...








iii
ivACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First and foremost, I owe a great debt of gratitude to Prof. Hubert Truckenbrodt
who was extremely kind to agree to be my research adviser and to help me to
formulate this work. His invaluable guidance, suggestions, feedbacks and above all
his robust optimism steered me to come up with this study. Prof. Probal Dasgupta
(ISI) and Prof. Gautam Sengupta (HCU) provided insightful comments that have
given me a different perspective to various linguistic issues of Bangla. I thank them
for their valuable time and kind help to me. I thank Prof. Sengupta, Dr. Niladri
Sekhar Dash and CIIL, Mysore for their help, cooperation and support to access the
Bangla corpus I used in this work. In this connection I thank Armin Buch
(Tübingen) who worked on the extraction of data from the raw files of the corpus
used in this study. And, I wish to thank Ronny Medda, who read a draft of this work
with much patience and gave me valuable feedbacks.
Many people have helped in different ways. I would like to express my
sincere thanks and gratefulness to Prof. Josef Bayer for sending me some important
literature, Prof. Meena Dan, Prof. Aditi Lahiri, Prof. Fritz Hamm and Prof.
Wolfgang Sternefeld for their kind suggestions on various issues. I am grateful to
Prof. Udaya Narayana Singh, Director, CIIL for giving me the opportunity to join
CIIL as a researcher after the submission of my thesis and Mrs. Suchita Singh for
all her helps during my stay in Mysore. I have also benefited immensely during the
preparation of this work from interactions with my co-researchers and friends in
Tübingen and in Berlin. Thanks to Elena Bilan, Beatriz Lopez-Jiménez, Panagiotis
vKavassakalis, Ventsislav Zhechev, Sveta Krasokova and others. I am grateful to all
of them. I would like to thank Beate Starke and Christl Tierney for their help in
many academic and official matters. I specially thank Prof. Arnim von Stechow for
providing me a nice and comfortable academic environment to work at the Seminar
für Sprachwissenschaft (Universität Tübingen). I thank Prof. Manfred Krifka and
Prof. Truckenbrodt for the office accommodation at ZAS, Berlin. I also thank the
German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft – DFG) for the
funding I received through SFB441 and SPP1234 during my doctoral research.
I also thank to the wonderful friend circle I had in Tübingen and in Berlin. I
must mention about Raja, Lalitha, Avijit, Susmita, Hasan, Bhavani, Soumya, Rajesh,
Prakash, Frank, Amaramend and all my flatemates in Fichtenweg 3 (Tübingen). Life
was fun and research is never a hard job when one gets friends like them. Thanks to
all of you. I am also grateful to Mr. Hakim Arif (Dhaka University) for being such a
good friend of mine and for all the linguistic discussions we had during our stay in
Berlin.
My greatest debt, of course, is to my parents and my only sister, who are
amazing, supportive, and wonderful, who I can never repay and must settle for
emulating. Finally, I thank the most special person in my life, my wife, Devitoma,
who always encourages me to reach my goal keeping all the problems aside and
helps me to share my feelings with her.



vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS


Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………................ v

Table of contents ………………………………………………………………… vii

Abstract ……..……………………………………………………………………. xi


Chapter

1 Introduction ………………..……….…………………………………….. 1

1.1 Introduction to the thesis …………………………………………. 1
1.2 Introduction to Optimality Theory...………………………………. 3
1.3 The Focus Language (Bangla) ……………………………………. 8
1.4 Transcription Convention ………………………………………… 10
1.5 The Corpus ……………………………………………………..... 11
1.6 Bangla Sound Alphabet: Basic Structure ………………………... 12
1.6.1 Vowels …………………………………………………... 12
1.6.2 Semi-vowels/glides ……………………………………… 17
1.6.3 Diphthongs ………………………………………………. 19
1.6.4 Consonants …….………………………………………… 22
1.7 Syllables ……………….………………………………………… 23
1.7.1 Bangla Syllabification Rules………………………………. 24
1.7.2 Representation of the Syllables …………………………… 28
vii

2 Word-initial and word-final sounds and clusters………………………... 31

2.1 Lexical stratification ….…...…………………………………….. 31
2.2 Onset …………………………………………………………….. 37
2.3 Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP) .…………………………… 45
2.4 Coda ………………………………………………………………. 57
2.5 World initial consonant clusters ……………………………..…..... 62
2.5.1 Liquid /r/ as the second member of a word-initial cluster… 66
2.5.2 Liquid /l/ as the second member of a word-initial cluster… 69
2.5.3 Dialectal variations ……………………………………....... 72
2.6 Word final cluster …………………………………………..……... 77

3 Word medial cluster …………………………….………………………… 79

3.1 Word medial cluster in B-lexicon ……………………………….... 79
3.2 Corpus output …………..…………………………………………. 79
3.3 Coronals …………………………………………………………… 82
3.3.1 Non-coronal and coronal ………………………………….. 83
3.4 Obstruents …………………………………………………………. 88
3.4.1 Obstruents (voice) ……………………………………….... 88
3.4.2 Final devoicing ……………………………………………. 94
3.5 Aspirated obstruents ………………………………………………. 99
3.5.1 Agreement in aspiration ………………………………….. 99
3.5.2 Final deaspiration ………………………………………… 105
viii 3.5.2.1 Positional neutralization (Aspiration) …………… 106
3.5.2.2 Positional faithfulness (Aspiration) ……………… 110
3.6 Nasal ………………………………………………...…………… 113
3.6.1 Plosive and nasal /m/ …………………...………………... 113
3.7 Other clusters ………………………………………...................... 121
3.7.1 Nasals and plosives ………………………………………. 121
3.7.2 Lateral and coronals ……………………………………… 124

4 Gemination …………………………………….…………………………. 127

4.1 Gemination with semi-vowels ………………………………........ 129
4.2 Gemination with liquids ………………………………………...... 136

5 Morphology …………………………..…………………………………... 145

5.1 Introduction to distributed morphology ………………………….. 145
5.1.1 The theory of Distributed morphology …………………... 147
5.2 Structure of Bangla verbal system ……………………………….. 150
5.2.1 Personal pronouns ………………………………………... 150
5.2.2 Morpheme-verb structure ………………………………… 151
5.3 Data …………………………………………………...………….. 154
5.3.1 Verbal inflection …………………………………………. 154
5.4 Application in the structure ……………………………………… 156
5.5 Morphosyntactic analysis ………………………………………… 159
5.5.1 Morphosyntactic analysis: English ……………………..... 159
ix5.5.2 Morphosyntactic analysis: Bangla ……………………… 165
5.5.2.1 Third person …………………………………….. 165
5.5.2.1.1 Third person formal ………………… 165
5.5.2.1.2 Additional tenses ……………………. 172
5.5.2.1.3 Third person polite ………………….. 176
5.5.2.2 Second Person ……………………..…………… 180
5.5.2.2.1 Second person formal ……………….. 180
5.5.2.2.2 Second person polite ……………….... 181
5.5.2.2.3 Second person intimate ………..…….. 183
5.5.2.3 First person ……………………………………..... 185
5.6 Summary …………………………………………...……………. 188

6 Application of OT to DM output …..……………………………………. 191
6.1 Diphthongization ……………………………………………….... 192
6.2 Vowel deletion …………………………………………………… 197
6.3 Gemination ……………………………………………………….. 202

7 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………….. 204

APPENDIX – I ………………………………………………………………..... 208
APPENDIX – II ………………………………………………………………..... 209
BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………….……………………………………….. 210


x