The Yang-Mills vacuum wave functional in Coulomb gauge [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Davide R. Campagnari

Campa

Sujets

• Physik

Informations

• Publié par: eberhard_karls_universitat_tubingen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 32
• Langue: Deutsch
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

The Yang–Mills
Vacuum Wave Functional
in Coulomb Gauge
Dissertation
der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨at
der Eberhard Karls Universit¨at Tu¨bingen
zur Erlangung des Grades eines
Doktors der Naturwissenschaften
(Dr. rer. nat.)
vorgelegt von
Davide R. Campagnari
aus Verona (Italien)
Tu¨bingen
2010Tag der mu¨ndlichen Qualifikation: 06.05.2011
Dekan: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Rosenstiel
1. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Hugo Reinhardt
2. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Amand F¨aßler
3. Berichterstatter: Priv.-Doz. Dr. Lorenz von SmekalAmore et pietate parentibus meisADocument typed with LT X2 using the KOMA-Script andA S bundles.εE M
Last compiled: 9th May 2011.Zusammenfassung
Yang-Mills-Theorien sind die Grundlage des heutigen Standardmodells der Elementarteil-
chenphysik. Neben Methoden, die auf eine Diskretisierung der Raum-Zeit basieren (Git-
tereichtheorie), sind auch analytische Zugange moglich, sowohl im Lagrange- als auch im¨ ¨
Hamilton-Formalismus. Diese Dissertation behandelt die Hamilton’sche Formulierung von
Yang-Mills-Theorien in Coulomb-Eichung.
DieDissertation istinkumulativerFormverfasst.NacheinerEinfu¨hrungindieallgemei-
neFormulierungvonYang-Mills-Theorien wirdderHamiltonoperatorinCoulomb-Eichung
hergeleitet.
InKap.1wirddieFaddeev-Popov-Determinante mittelseinerHeat-Kernel-Entwicklung
untersucht.
In Kap. 2 und 3 wird das Hochenergie-Verhalten der Theorie untersucht. Dafu¨r werden
storungstheoretische Methoden verwendet und die Ergebnisse werden mit Resultaten aus¨
funktionalen Methoden in Coulomb- und Landau-Eichung verglichen.
Kap.4 ist dem Variationszugang gewidmet. Eswerden Dyson-Schwinger-Techniken ver-
wendet, um uber die bisher betrachteten Gauß’schen Ansatze fur das Vakuumfunktional¨ ¨ ¨
hinauszugehen.Gleichungenfu¨rVariationsparameterho¨hererOrdnungwerdenhergeleitet
und die Effekte der neu auftretenden Terme abgeschatzt.¨
Kap. 5 beinhaltet eine Anwendung der fru¨her hergeleiteten nichtst¨orungstheoretischen
Propagatoren, namlich die Berechnung der topologischen Suszeptibilitat, welche mit der¨ ¨
′Masse des η -Mesons verknu¨pft ist.
Schließlich wird eine kurze Einfuhrung in die storungstheoretische Behandlung von dy-¨ ¨
namischen Fermion-Feldern gegeben.
Abstract
Yang–Mills theories are the building blocks of today’s Standard Model of elementary
particle physics. Besides methods based on a discretization of space-time (lattice gauge
theory), also analytic methodsare feasible, either in the Lagrangian or in the Hamiltonian
formulation of the theory. This thesis focuses on the Hamiltonian approach to Yang–Mills
theories in Coulomb gauge.
The thesis is presented in cumulative form. After an introduction into the general
formulation of Yang–Mills theories, the Hamilton operator in Coulomb gauge is derived.
Chap. 1 deals with the heat-kernel expansion of the Faddeev–Popov determinant.
In Chapters 2 and 3, the high-energy behaviour of the theory is investigated. To this
purpose, perturbative methods are applied, and the results are compared with the ones
stemming from functional methods in Coulomb and Landau gauge.
Chap. 4 is devoted to the variational approach. Variational ansatzes going beyond the
Gaussian form for the vacuum wave functional are considered and treated using Dyson–
Schwinger techniques. Equations for the higher-order variational kernels are derived and
their effects are estimated.
Chap. 5 presents an application of the previously obtained propagators, namely the
′evaluation of the topological susceptibility, which is related to the mass of the η meson.
Finally, a short overview of the perturbative treatment of dynamical fermion fields is
presented.Acknowledgements
Scientific research can not be pursuedwithout dispute, debate, and exchange of views and
know-how, and I gratefully acknowledge discussions with all former and actual members
of the group. In particular, I wish to thank my advisor Prof. Dr. Hugo Reinhardt for
his guidance and advice, and my forerunners on the road of the Hamiltonian approach,
Dr. Claus Feuchter and Dr. Wolfgang Schleifenbaum, for their hints and help. Moreover, I
have always found that having an external point of view is crucial to see further than my
nose’s end: I am particularly indebted to Dr. Peter Watson in this regard. I also profited
from the collaboration with Prof. Dr. Axel Weber during his stays in Tu¨bingen. Further-
more, I gratefully acknowledge (not only physics-related) discussions with Dr. Giuseppe
Burgio and Priv.-Doz. Dr. Markus Quandt.
I should also mention the help I got from Ingrid Estiry in most bureaucracy-related
issues, and thank her for explaining me over and over how to compose a letter in German.
Praise be to my office colleague Markus Leder, for coping with me in the same room
for almost five years, for being my patient guinea-pig whenever I needed to try out some
new T Xniques, and for all our discussions about physics, music, mathematics, and Ger-E
man/English/Italian/Latin grammar. Thanks also to the guy next-door, also known as
Markus Pak, for not fleeing whenever I knocked at his door, looking for someone (else
than my room-mate) to vent my own anger and/or frustration on.
Thanks to Tanja Branz and Carina Popovici for their comments on the unpublished
parts of the thesis.
I am grateful to the Cusanuswerk for both the financial support and the numerous
formative offers.
Worthyofspecialmentionistherectorate,whichdemonstratedthatbureaucracyismore
powerful than grammar. May the Eberhard-Karls-Universita¨t’s hyphens rest in peace.
Thanks to Emmanuel, for discussing indiscriminately Harry Potter and spontaneous
symmetrybreakinginnon-abeliangaugetheoriesinthemiddleofaparishfestival. Thanks
to the other ‘Trentini’: Cecilia, Daniela, Francesco, Maddalena, and Marco, for the time
spent together. Thanks also to the non-physicists (Markus, Daniel, Philipp, Dominik) for
reminding me that a human being could need, every once in a while, something different
from physics.
I am indebted to all personnel of Stargate Command, of the Atlantis expedition, of the
4077th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital, and to the crew of Serenity for their support in
difficult times.
Finally, I thank my parents, not only for providing me with the basic genetic material
(not to mention the necessary money) to study at the university, but above all for their
unconditional love and commitment.Contents
I Hamiltonian approach to Yang–Mills theories in Coulomb gauge 1
I.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
I.2 Classical formulation of Yang–Mills theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
I.2.1 From gauge invariance to the classical Hamiltonian . . . . . . . . . . 2
I.2.2 On the simultaneous choice of Coulomb and Weyl gauge . . . . . . . 7
I.3 Canonical quantization and the θ-vacuum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
I.3.1 Hamilton operator in the temporal gauge and Schro¨dinger picture . 9
I.3.2 Gauss’s law and gauge invariance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
I.3.3 Topological structure of the QCD vacuum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
I.4 The Yang–Mills Hamiltonian in Coulomb gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
I.4.1 Gauge fixing and the Gribov problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
I.4.2 Implementation of the Coulomb gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
I.4.3 Variational approach in the Schro¨dinger picture . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
I.5 Overview of the thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1 Heat-kernel expansion of the Faddeev–Popov determinant 25
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.2 Heat-kernel expansion of functional determinants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.3 Heat kernel evaluation of the Faddeev–Popov determinant . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.4 Calculation of the heat coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.5 The counterterms for Coulomb and Landau gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.6 Summary and conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2 Perturbation theory in Coulomb gauge 35
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.2 Perturbative expansion of the Yang–Mills Hamiltonian . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.2.1 The Yang–Mills Hamiltonian in Coulomb gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.2.2 Expansion of the Hamiltonian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.2.3 The unperturbed basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.2.4 Expansion of the vacuum wave functional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.3 Ghost propagator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.4 Gluon propagator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.4.1 Gluon propagator in the Hamiltonian approach . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.4.2 Static gluon propagator from the Lagrangian approach . . . . . . . . 45
2.5 The ghost-gluon vertex and the β function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.6 The potential for static sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.7 Relation with the variational approach . . . . . . . .