Strategies to improve young people's access to, and their progression within, initial vocational training

Directorate-General For Education And Culture European Commission

Description

Education policy
Vocational training

Sujets

• Compulsory education
• Education policy
• Vocational education

Informations

• Publié par: DIRECTORATE-GENERAL-FOR-EDUCATION-AND-CULTURE-EUROPEAN-COMMISSION
• Nombre de lectures: 26
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

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EDUCATIO N
TRAININ G
YOUT H
Strategies to improve
young people's access to,
and their progression within,
initial vocational training
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION This document has been prepared for use within the Commission. It does not necessarily
represent the Commission's official position.
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996
ISBN 92-827-5654-8
© ECSC-EC-EAEC, Brussels · Luxembourg, 1996
Reproduction is authorized, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is
acknowledged
Printed in Luxembourg STRÅ TEGŒS TO IMPROVE YOUNG PEOPLE'S
ACCESS TO, AND THEIR PROGRESSION WITHIN,
INITIAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE YOUNG PEOPLES
ACCESS TO, AND THEM PROGRESSION ΨΠΉΙΝ,
INITIAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING
A study prepared
at the request of the European Commission
by John Banks
November 1994
Extract from the Employment Promotion Law, 1990 Germany
"1. Disadvantaged young persons and young adults may not be discriminated
against in their job- and life- opportunities by means of different and inferior
qualification goals. They may not be further stigmatised by way of separate
training courses, but rather integrated into the standard system. This means that
there must be varying and differentiated paths to the same vocational training
goals. "
III Strategies to improve young people's access to, and their progression within, initial vocational
training
CONTENTS
Introduction
Summary of the Report 4
Questions arising 8
Chapter 1 The target groups n
Introduction 11
1 THE COMPULSORY SCHOOL: SUCCESS, AND FAILURE 12
2 NON-COMPLETION/FAILURE IN POST-COMPULSORY EDUCATION AND TRAINING 16
3 DEFINING THE TARGET GROUPS9
Chapter 2 The problems and challenges 21
Introduction 2
1 CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS IN THE COMPULSORY SCHOOL
Three problem areas
1 Demotivation and failure
2 Curriculum inflexibility and irrelevance3
3 Inadequate guidance4
2 CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS IN INITIAL TRAINING 28
Preparing for life-time learning
The image of technical-vocational training9
A clear, progressive and fair qualification system 31
Shortage of training places2
A structural gap 33
Family matters
Reasons for dropping-out5
Women and menStrategies to improve young people's access to, and their progression within, initial vocational
training
Chapter 3 Improving compulsory education 4i
Introduction 41
1 TACKLING FAILURE AT ITS ROOTS2
General reforms of compulsory school
Action Plans and Targets4
Reducing repeating 45
Steering by goals and results
Decentralisation
The needs of immigrant pupils6
Avoiding de-motivation
2 CURRICULUM VARIATION7
2a MORE-VOCATIONAL CURRICULA
More-vocational courses for lower attainers 4
"Pick 'n' Mix" 48
More gradual transition 50
2b "ADAPTED" AND "ALTERNATIVE"
"Adapted education"
Alternative schools1
"Extended education"2
"Alternative school units"
3 GUIDANCE AND VOCATIONAL ORIENTATION5
3a VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE THROUGH THE CURRICULUM 5
Structural change6
"Arbeitslehre" 5
Links with industry8
Promoting technical-vocational education and careers9
Financial incentives 60
"Bridge-building"1
3b BETTER GUIDANCE SERVICES
Assisting transfer to the next stage3
4 AREA-BASED INTERVENTIONS4
ZEPs: primary and secondary level
Inter-departmental cooperation5
National and regional
At primary school level
5 A SUCCESSFUL SYNTHESIS IN DENMARK
The form-teacher system 6
The guidance system6
The Continuation Schools
VI Strategies to improve young people's access to, and their progression within, initial vocational
training
Chapter 4 Increasing readiness for vocational training 69
Preface to chapters 4, 5, and 6 6
Introduction 70
1 "PREPARATORY MEASURES"1
la SCHOOL-BASED MEASURES
Part-time Schooling Centres2
A bridging year in school
Pre-apprenticeship stage
lb NON-SCHOOL PREPARATORY MEASURES 7
lc OTHER SUPPORTING MEASURES4
2 YOUTH GUARANTEES AND OUTREACH MEASURES5
"Youth Guarantees" 7
A right to training7
"Following-up"
The Missions Locales 80
3 ALTERNATIVE INSTITUTIONS AS "STEPPING STONES" TO TRAINING 81
The Production Schools2
"Alternative school units"
"Entreprises d'Insertion"4
Youth Initiative Projects5
Chapter 5 Improving initial vocational training 8
Introduction 87
1 GENERAL REFORMS8
The Nordic countries
Other school-based systems 92
2 SUPPLEMENTARY HELP FOR DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS
"Training Secondary Assistance" (TSA)5
"Non-plant Initial Vocational Training"6
Linking training and employment7
Additional help for immigrant students9
Two-stage qualification
3 EFFORTS TO IMPROVE ALTERNANCE
Finding more in-firm training placements 100
15% alternance1
"Nouvelles Qualifications"
4 RAISING THE STATUS OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING2
VII Strategies to improve young people's access to, and their progression within, initial vocational
training
Chapter 6 Implications for the training/retraining of teachers/trainers 105
Introduction 105
1 THE BACKGROUND: PRE-SERVICE TRAINING 10
2 TEACHERS' IN-SERVICE TRAINING: STRATEGY8
3 THE CONTENT OF TEACHER TRAINING 111
3a General
3b Targeted
4 TRAINING FOR VOCATIONAL SUBJECT TEACHERS, TRAINERS, AND INSTRUCTORS 115
5 RESULTS AND PROBLEMS6
Chapter 7 Improving cooperation between providers of training 119
Introduction 11
1 NATIONAL STRATEGY 120
2 CLOSING THE GAP3
3 POST-SCHOOL FOLLOW-UP4
4 LOCAL ACTION5
The Missions Locales
Other applications of "partnership"6
Chapter 8 Themes for future cooperation 127
Introduction 12
Theme 1 Counteracting disadvantage before transfer to secondary school9
Theme 2 Inclusiveness through "extended education" in compulsory schooling 12
Theme 3 Developing appropriate general education for all pupils 130
Theme 4 Strengthening young people's commitment to education and training1
Theme 5 Improving professional skills for teaching in secondary education
Theme 6 Greater diversity of transition pathways2
Theme 7 Partial credits for partial courses 133
Theme 8 Alternative - but equal - provision
Theme 9 Following-up early school leavers4
Theme 10 Increasing the attractiveness of technical and vocational education and training 135
Theme 11 Preventing drop-out during initial training6
Theme 12 Strengthening alternance models ofg7
Theme 13 Raising the quality of teaching and training
Theme 14 Targets, and the need for a better statistical base for policy 138
Theme 15 Establishing a Community data-base for this policy area
VIII