In a world increasingly dominated by visual sensation, our understanding of the role and influence of comics and cartoon humour in popular culture has become essential. This book offers a critical and cognitive focus that captures the changing fortunes of Catalan humour production against the shifting political landscape in the period 1898–1982. It considers how Catalan satire has been influenced by periods of relative calm as well as censorship, violence, war and dictatorship, and among its key features is its presentation of a continued cartooning tradition that was not ended by the installation of the Franco dictatorship, but which rather continued in a number of adapted forms, playing its own role in the evolution of the period. Thus, as well as introducing the most representative cartoonists and publications, the Catalan example is used to explore broader aspects of this complex communication form, opening new avenues for cultural, historical and socio-political research. Introduction The Nature of Humour: Some Theoretical and Definitional Guidance The Catalan Context Directions Notes Chapter One: The Golden Age of Catalan Political Cartoons (1898-1931) The Pre-Twentieth-Century Catalan Satirical Tradition The Legacy of 1898 and the fets de Cu-Cut! The fets de Cu-Cut! The Vilification of Alejandro Lerroux In Search of the Funny-side of the Setmana Tràgica Papitu Satire and Censorship The Rise of Syndicalism and the Primo de Rivera Dictatorship Chapter One Images: Figures 2.1 to 2.9 Notes Chapter Two: Catalan Cartoon Humour and ‘Otherness’ in the Second Republic and Civil War (1931–1939) The Second Republic and the Catalan Statute of Autonomy The Second Republic and the Satirical Press El Be Negre Gutiérrez and the 1932 Statute of Autonomy The fets d’octubre and the bienni negre The Fall of Lerroux The Spanish Civil War and the Framing of ‘Otherness’ The Sindicat de Dibuixants Professionals Chapter Two Images: Figures 2.1 to 2.12 Notes Chapter Three: Humour Under Franco Part I: Continuing a tradition (1939–1962) The Post-war Period at Home The 1938 Press Law The Church and the Humour Press Humour in the Clandestine Press La Bruguera and TBO Children’s Comics The Challenge Facing Cultural Production in Exile Tísner in Exile Chapter Four Images: Figures 3.1 to 3.9 Notes Chapter Four: Humour Under Franco Part II: From Fraga to freedom (?) (1962–1975) Comics and the Revival of the Catalan-Language Press Bruguera and the DER The Ley Fraga The Application of Censorship Humour in the Press Censorship: A case study Chapter Four Images: Figures 4.1 to 4.6 Notes Chapter Five: Humour and the Transition to Democracy (1975–1982) Humour Publications of the Transition The El Papus Bombings Solidaridad con El Papus The 1978 Constitution The Catalan Statute of Autonomy Reception of the Statute in the Press The ‘Tejerazo’ of 1981 Reactions to the Tejerazo in the Satirical Press The ‘End’ of the Transition: PSOE electoral victory 1982 Chapter Five Images: Figures 5.1 to 5.8 Notes Conclusion
Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,1500€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.
Extrait
Catalan Cartoons
A Cultural and Political History
Rhiannon MCGlade
IBERIAN AND LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES
Cataan Cartoons
Serîes Edîtors Professor Davîd George (Swansea Unîversîty) Professor Pau Garner (Unîversîty of Leeds)
Edîtorîal Board Davîd Frîer (Unîversîty of Leeds) Lîsa Shaw (Unîversîty of Lîverpoo) Gareth Waters (Swansea Unîversîty) Rob Stone (Unîversîty of Bîrmîngham) Davîd Gîes (Unîversîty of Vîrgînîa) Catherîne Davîes (Unîversîty of London) Rîçhard Cemînson (Unîversîty of Leeds) Dunçan Wheeer (Unîversîty of Leeds) Jo Labanyî (New York Unîversîty) Roger Bartra (Unîversîdad Naçîona Autónoma de Méxîço)
Other tîtles în the serîes The Mexîçan Transîtîon: Poîtîçs, Cuture and Demoçraçy în the Twenty-irst Century Roger Bartra Adofo Bîoy Casares: Borges, Fîçtîon and Art Kar Posso Barçeona: Vîsua Cuture, Spaçe and Power Heena Buffery & Carota Cauied From Sîver Sçreen to Spanîsh Stage: The Humorîsts of the Madrîd Vanguardîa and Hoywood Fîm Stuart Nîshan Green Modern Argentîne Poetry: Exîe, Dîspaçement, Mîgratîon Ben Boîg Cataonîa: Natîona Identîty and Cutura Poîçy Kathryn Cramerî Meançhoy and Cuture: Dîseases of the Sou în Goden Age Spaîn Roger Bartra The Poetîçs of Otherness în Antonîo Maçhado’s ‘Proverbîos y Cantares’ Nîcoas Fernandez-Medîna
A rîghts reserved. No part of thîs book may be reproduçed în any materîa form (înçudîng photoçopyîng or storîng ît în any medîum by eeçtronîç means and whether or not transîenty or înçîdentay to some other use of thîs pubîçatîon) wîthout the wrîtten permîssîon of the çopyrîght owner exçept în aççordançe wîth the provîsîons of the Copyrîght, Desîgns and Patents Açt 1988. Appîçatîons for the çopyrîght owner’s wrîtten permîssîon to reproduçe any part of thîs pubîçatîon shoud be addressed to The Unîversîty of Waes Press, 10 Coumbus Wak, Brîgantîne Paçe, Cardîff CF10 4UP.
www.uwp.co.uk
Brîtîsh Lîbrary CIP A çataogue reçord for thîs book îs avaîabe from the Brîtîsh Lîbrary.
ISBN e-ISBN
978-1-78316-804-0 978-1-78316-805-7
The rîght of the Rhîannon MçGade to be îdentîied as author of thîs work has been asserted în aççordançe wîth seçtîons 77, 78 and 79 of the Copyrîght, Desîgns and Patents Açt 1988.
Pubîshed wîth the support of The Centre for Cataan Studîes, Queen Mary Unîversîty of London, and Instîtut Ramon Lu
Typeset by Mark Hesîngton Ltd, Sçarborough, North Yorkshîre Prînted by CPI Antony Rowe, Chîppenham, Wîtshîre
Contents
Serîes Edîtors’ Foreword Lîst of Iustratîons Lîst of Abbrevîatîons Açknowedgements Introduçtîon 1 The Goden Age of Cataan Poîtîça Cartoons (1898–1931) 2 Cataan Cartoon Humour and ‘Otherness’ în the Seçond Repubîç and Cîvî War (1931–1939) 3 Humour under Franço, Part I: Contînuîng a Tradîtîon (1939–1962) 4 Humour under Franço, Part II: From Fraga to Freedom (?) (1962–1975) 5 Humour and the Transîtîon to Demoçraçy (1975–1982) Conçusîon Bîbîography Index
vîî îx xîîî xv 1
2
1
71
120
167
204 245 250 263
This page intentionally left blank.
Serîes Edîtors’ Foreword
Over reçent deçades the tradîtîona ‘anguages and îteratures’ mode în Spanîsh departments în unîversîtîes în the Unîted Kîngdom has been superseded by a çontextua, înterdîsçîpînary and ‘area studîes’ approaçh to the study of the çuture, hîstory, soçîety and poîtîçs of the Hîspanîç and Lusophone words – çatego-rîes that extend far beyond the çonines of the Iberîan Penînsua, not ony în Latîn Amerîça but aso to Spanîsh-speakîng and Lusophone Afrîça. In response to these dynamîç trends în researçh prîorîtîes and çurrîçuum deveopment, thîs serîes îs desîgned to present both dîsçîpînary and înterdîsçîpînary researçh wîthîn the genera ied of Iberîan and Latîn Amerîçan Studîes, partîçuary studîes that expore a aspeçts of Cutura Produçtîon (înter aîa îterature, im, musîç, dançe, sport) în Spanîsh, Portuguese, Basque, Cataan, Gaîçîan and îndîgenous anguages of Latîn Amerîça. The serîes aso aîms to pubîsh researçh în the Hîstory and Poîtîçs of the Hîspanîç and Lusophone words, at the eve of both the regîon and the natîon-state, as we as on Cutura Studîes that expore the shîftîng terraîns of gender, sexua, raçîa and postçoonîa îdentîtîes în those same regîons.