Les Industries lithiques taillées de Franchthi (Argolide, Grèce), Volume 2

Catherine Perlès

Description

This is the second volume of Catherine Perlès's study of the chipped/flaked stone tools found at Franchthi Cave, the first of its kind in Greek archaeology, if not in the whole of southeastern European prehistory. In French.

Première partie

Les phases lithiques du Mésolithique

Le Mésolithique inférieur

Le Mésolithique supérieur

Le Mésolithique final

Le Néolithique initial

Changements culturels ou réponses fonctionnelles?

Approche comparative

Conclusion

Documents

Deuxième partie

Use-wear analysis of Mesolithic chipped-stone artifacts

Troisième partie

Aegean obsidian and Franchthi Cave

Sujets

• Social Science
• Histoire
• Archaeology
• Archaeological science
• Anthropology
• Classics

Informations

• Publié par: Indiana University Press
• Date de parution: 26 octobre 2018
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780253044631
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 8 Mo

Extrait

Les Industries lithiques taill es de Franchthi (Argolide, Gr ce)
Excavations at Franchthi Cave, Greece
T. W. Jacobsen, General Editor
F ASCICLE 5
Les Industries lithiques taill es de Franchthi (Argolide, Gr ce)
TOME II LES INDUSTRIES DU M SOLITHIQUE ET DU N OLITHIQUE INITIAL
CATHERINE PERL S
Avec la collaboration de PATRICK C. VAUGHAN COLIN RENFREW et ARNOLD ASPINALL
INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS
Bloomington Indianapolis
1990 by Catherine Perl s
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of American University Presses Resolution on Permission constitutes the only exception to this prohibition.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Perl s, Catherine Les industries lithiques taill es de Franchthi (Argolide, Gr ce)
(Excavations at Franchthi Cave, Greece; fasc. 3, pts. 1- ) Contents: t. 1. Pr sentation g n rale et industries pal olithique - t. 2. Les industries du m solithique et du n olithique initial / Catherine Perl s, avec la collaboration de Patrick C. Vaughan, Colin Renfrew et Arnold Aspinall.
1. Franchthi Cave Site (Greece) 2. Greece-Antiquities.
I. Title. II. Series: Excavations at Franchthi Cave, Greece; fasc. 3, etc.
GN816.F73P47 1987 938 86-46039
ISBN 0-253-31971-4 (set : pbk.)
ISBN 0-253-31972-2 (v. 1 : pbk.)
ISBN 0-253-31973-0 (v. 2)
1 2 3 4 5 94 93 92 91 90
FOREWORD
This fascicle is the fifth in the series of Level One publications of the excavations at Franchthi Cave and, at the same time, is the second installment in the three-part report of the site s lithic industries by Catherine Perl s. A detailed account of the Palaeolithic industries appeared in Fascicle 3 (Tome I, Perl s 1987). The final installment, dealing with the (ceramic) Neolithic, is now in preparation.
The present study, while not intended to be a comprehensive review of the subject as a whole, is the first substantial evaluation of the Aegean Mesolithic, a critical block of time and body of material known up to now in Greece principally at Franchthi. Moreover, the author examines the key issue of cultural continuity through time by comparing the Mesolithic industries with those that immediately preceded and followed at Franchthi. This then becomes the first fascicle in this publication series to address directly the important yet complex questions of the aceramic or preceramic Neolithic and agricultural origins at our site, problems that have guided our research strategy throughout our excavations.
Fascicle 5 is organized in three parts. The first part represents the heart of the publication, and the mode of presentation generally follows that of Fascicle 3. The material is discussed by Perl s in chronological order according to lithic phases and interphases. In Chapters I - V , she considers the remains of the Mesolithic (lithic phases VII-IX) and the pivotal transition to the earliest Neolithic (phase X). The remaining chapters in Part I concern the nature of change in those industries ( Chapter VI ), a valuable first attempt to put this material in its larger Mediterranean and southern European context ( Chapter VII ), and a diachronic overview of the material in the light of its local precursors ( Chapter VIII ).
The last two parts of this report consist of chapters by Patrick Vaughan and by Colin Renfrew and Arnold Aspinall, presenting in detail for the first time important supporting documentation about these industries. Use-wear analyses of stone tools have been undertaken in other parts of the world, but Vaughan s examination in Part II ( Chapter IX ) of the probable uses to which some of these tools were put represents a first in Aegean archaeology. Likewise, the appearance of quantities of obsidian in pre-Neolithic contexts at Franchthi has been a major and striking discovery in Greek archaeology. In Part III ( Chapter X ), Renfrew and Aspinall present analytical data bearing upon the characterization of this raw material. Their analysis provides the foundation for our understanding of the earliest seafaring and evidence of human mobility in the Aegean Basin.
The format of Fascicle 5 is essentially that of a French publication and therefore similar to Fascicle 3. The reports in English that appear here in Parts II and III have been integrated with the main body of the volume as carefully as possible; while they present their own data and conclusions, their results have been fully taken into consideration by the author of Part I . A reminder: As with most volumes in this series, Fascicle 1 (Jacobsen and Farrand 1987) represents a necessary supplement to this volume. In particular, the reader is urged to consult the illustrations (the master and secondary section drawings as well as the schematic sections) in Fascicle 1 in conjunction with the discussions of stratigraphy and archaeological context in Fascicle 5.
The present form of the manuscript of Part I was essentially attained by December, 1985, that of Parts II and III by autumn, 1988. The general editor would like to acknowledge with considerable gratitude those who helped with the preparation of the manuscript for publication: Dr. Jeffrey Harlig most notably, as well as Mr. James Thurston and Ms. Kimberly Gardner of the Program in Classical Archaeology at Indiana University. The drawings in Part I were done under the supervision of Dr. Perl s, while those in Part II were adapted by Dr. Vaughan and put into final form in Bloomington by Ms. Rachel Freyman. The photographs in Part II were taken by Dr. Vaughan. We are once again indebted to the staff of the Indiana University Press for their guidance and expertise and to the Interpretive Research Program of the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Edward A. Schrader Endowment of Indiana University for their continued support of this publication project.
T. W. JACOBSEN
INTRODUCTION
Ce volume fait suite, chronologiquement et conceptuellement, celui consacr aux industries lithiques taill es du Pal olithique de Franchthi. Il cherche r soudre des probl mes de m me ordre, et repose sur la compl mentarit d une approche synchronique et d une approche diachronique.
Approche synchronique : quelles sont les phases lithiques, c est- -dire les p riodes de stabilit de la structure technologique et typologique des industries au travers des deux mill naires tudi s?
Approche diachronique : quelle interpr tation proposer, en termes de conception de l outillage taill et de fonction dans le syst me techno- conomique, des transformations qui constituent le fondement de l opposition entre chaque phase?
La conjonction de ces deux approches cherche restituer une perspective v ritablement anthropologique 1 , centr e sur la mise en vidence et l interpr tation des changements lithiques. M me si cette derni re ne peut recevoir de r ponse d finitive, elle constitue un objectif d autant plus important que Franchthi est le seul gisement de Gr ce, fouill r cemment, o des d p ts m solithiques se trouvent interstratifi s entre des d p ts pal olithiques et n olithiques. On pourra donc y aborder, dans des conditions privil gi es, les probl mes fondamentaux de la double transition Pal olithique/M solithique et M solithique/N olithique.
Or la premi re de ces deux transitions se pr sente, Franchthi, de mani re tout fait inhabituelle. Le processus d enrichissement en microlithes g om triques (triangles puis trap zes), observ un peu partout en Europe au d but du post-glaciaire, est non seulement absent Franchthi, mais pratiquement invers : le Pal olithique final (XI me mill naire B.P.) est bien plus riche en microlithes que les industries du X me mill naire. Comment comprendre cet cart la norme? Est-ce propre la Gr ce, est-ce li aux activit s dont le site tait le cadre, est-ce en relation indirecte avec des transformations de l environnement, ou de toute la technologie?
l inverse, la transition entre le M solithique et le N olithique a son r pondant dans d autres r gions du nord de la M diterran e, mais pas, pr cis ment, dans le nord de la Gr ce : l , le plus ancien N olithique, dit pr c ramique , est diff rent de celui de Franchthi. De ce fait, les th ories r centes pour expliquer la n olithisation de la Gr ce se doivent d tre nuanc es, sinon compl tement r vis es. En effet, en accordant une importance nouvelle aux techniques de production de l outillage taill , plut t qu une classification essentiellement morphologique des outils eux-m mes, nous serons conduits montrer la fragilit d une hypoth se de continuit culturelle entre le M solithique et le N olithique, au moins en Thessalie.
Or cette importance accord e notamment aux techniques de production s inscrit dans le cadre des options scientifiques et m thodologiques qui fondent tout ce travail : la technologie y est con ue en termes d un syst me ouvert, susceptible de se transformer sous l effet d impulsions vari es, mais orient dans ses r ponses par les traditions techniques des groupes concern s. Ce syst me est abord par l interm diaire du concept de cha ne op ratoire, outil analytique de base des tudes synchroniques : il permet de mettre en vidence les choix techniques successifs op r s par les artisans pr historiques, depuis l acquisition des mati res premi res jusqu au rejet des outils finis. Mais c est lui aussi qui constituera le fondement pratique des tudes comparatives, tant sur le plan diachronique que synchronique : il importe en effet, pour pouvoir interpr ter les diff rences, de voir sur quels l ments des cha nes op ratoires porte la variabilit la plus importante.
L ensemble de cette d marche, avec ses postulats