Brenner and Rector's The Kidney E-Book

Karl Skorecki, Glenn M. Chertow, Philip A. Marsden, Maarten W. Taal, Alan S. L. Yu, Valerie Luyckx

Description

Overcome the toughest clinical challenges in nephrology with Brenner & Rector’s The Kidney -- the most well-known nephrology resource in the world. A diverse team of more than 200 international contributors brings you the latest knowledge and best practices on every front in nephrology worldwide. From basic science and pathophysiology to clinical best practices, Brenner & Rector’s The Kidney is your go-to resource for any stage of your career.

• Review of the basic science that underpins clinical nephrology, comprehensive selection of the most important bibliographical sources in nephrology, and Board Review-style questions help you prepare for certification or recertification.
• Coverage of kidney health and disease from pre-conception through fetal and infant health, childhood, adulthood, and into old age. Expanded sections and chapter on global perspective and ethical considerations.
• Uniform terminology and nomenclature in line with emerging consensus in world kidney community.
• More than 700 full-color high-quality photographs as well as carefully chosen figures, algorithms, and tables to illustrate essential concepts, nuances of clinical presentation and technique, and decision making provide a visual grasp and better understanding of critical information.

• Internationally diverse, trusted guidance and perspectives from a team of well-respected global contributors . An editorial team headed by Dr. Skorecki and handpicked by Dr. Brenner ensures the ongoing adherence to previous standards of excellence. All chapters have been extensively updated or entirely rewritten by authorities in their respective fields.
• The latest clinical information including recent clinical trials, genetic causes of kidney disease, cardiovascular and renal risk prediction in chronic kidney disease, new paradigms in fluid and electrolyte management, and pediatric kidney disease, keep you current with the rapid development of care and research worldwide.

Informations

• Publié par: Elsevier
• Date de parution: 25 octobre 2015
• Nombre de lectures: 1
• EAN13: 9780323262590
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 26 Mo

Extrait

Brenner & Rector's The Kidney
Tenth Edition
Karl Skorecki, MD, FRCP(C), FASN
Annie Chutick Professor and Chair in Medicine (Nephrology)
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
Director of Medical and Research Development
Rambam Health Care Campus
Haifa, Israel
Glenn M. Chertow, MD
Norman S. Coplon/Satellite Healthcare
Professor of Medicine
Chief, Division of Nephrology
Stanford University School of Medicine
Palo Alto, California
Philip A. Marsden, MD
Professor of Medicine
Elisabeth Hofmann Chair in Translational Research
Oreopoulos-Baxter Division Director of Nephrology
Vice Chair Research, Department of Medicine
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Maarten W. Taal, MBChB, MMed, MD, FCP(SA), FRCP
Professor of Medicine
Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine
University of Nottingham
Honorary Consultant Nephrologist
Department of Renal Medicine
Royal Derby Hospital
Derby, United Kingdom
Alan S.L. Yu, MD
Harry Statland and Solon Summerfield Professor of Medicine
Director, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and The Kidney Institute
University of Kansas Medical Center
Kansas City, Kansas
SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE EDITORS
Walter G. Wasser, MD
Attending Physician, Division of Nephrology
Mayanei HaYeshua Medical Center
Bnei Brak, Israel;
Rambam Health Care Campus
Haifa, Israel
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Volume 1
Section I Normal Structure and Function
1 Embryology of the Kidney
Mammalian Kidney Development: Embryology
Model Systems to Study Kidney Development
Genetic Analysis of Mammalian Kidney Development
References
2 Anatomy of the Kidney
Gross Features
The Nephron
Collecting Duct
Interstitium
Lymphatics
Innervation
Acknowledgments
References
3 The Renal Circulations and Glomerular Ultrafiltration
Major Arteries and Veins
Total Renal Blood Flow
Intrarenal Blood Flow Distribution
Determinants of Glomerular Ultrafiltration
Regulation of Renal Hemodynamics and Glomerular Filtration
Neural Regulation of Glomerular Filtration Rate
References
4 The Podocyte
Biologic Functions of Podocytes
Ultrastructural and Molecular Anatomy of Podocytes Required for Normal Structure and Function
Glomerular Diseases in Which Podocytes are the Primary Glomerular Cell Type Injured
Mechanisms of Injury in Common Podocyte Diseases
Responses by Podocytes to Disease-Induced Injury: Linking Structure to Function to Clinical Findings
Effects of Existing Therapies on Podocytes
Identification of Candidate Therapeutic Approaches for the Future
Summary
References
5 Metabolic Basis of Solute Transport
Thermodynamic Approach to Metabolism and Transport
Energy and the Sodium Pump
Cell Polarity and Vectorial Transport
Metabolic Substrates Fueling Active Transport Along the Nephron
Nephron Region-Specific Metabolic Considerations
Control of Renal Oxygenation
Regulation of Metabolic Efficiency of Transport during Normal Perturbations and Disease
Summary
References
6 Transport of Sodium, Chloride, and Potassium
Sodium and Chloride Transport
Potassium Transport
References
7 The Regulation of Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphate Excretion by the Kidney
Calcium Transport in the Kidney
Magnesium Transport in the Kidney
Phosphorus Transport in the Kidney
References
8 Renal Handling of Organic Solutes
Glucose
Organic Cations
Organic Anions
Amino Acids
References
9 Renal Acidification Mechanisms
Bicarbonate Reabsorption
Bicarbonate Generation
Acid-Base Sensors
Diurnal Variation in Acid Excretion
Acknowledgements
References
10 Urine Concentration and Dilution
Independent Regulation of Water and Salt Excretion
Critical Role of Parallel Organization of Structures in the Renal Medulla to Urinary Concentrating and Diluting Process
Urine Concentration and Dilution Processes Along the Mammalian Nephron
Molecular Physiology of Urinary Concentrating and Diluting Processes
Acknowledgments
References
11 The Cell Biology of Vasopressin Action
Vasopressin-the Antidiuretic Hormone
The Type 2 Vasopressin Receptor-a G Protein-Coupled Receptor
The Aquaporins-a Family of Water Channel Proteins
Intracellular Pathways of Aquaporin-2 Trafficking
Regulation of Aquaporin-2 Trafficking
Long-Term Regulation of Water Balance
Acknowledgments
References
12 Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptors: Renal and Extrarenal Roles
General Introduction to Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptors
Aldosterone Synthesis
Mechanisms of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Function and Gene Regulation
Regulation of Sodium Absorption and Potassium Secretion
Nonrenal Aldosterone-Responsive Tight Epithelia
Role of Serum- and Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase in Mediating Aldosterone Effects
11 -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2
Nongenomic Effects of Aldosterone
Disease States
Nonepithelial Actions of Aldosterone
Acknowledgment
References
13 Vasoactive Molecules and the Kidney
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Endothelin
Natriuretic Peptides
Kallikrein-Kinin System
Urotensin II
References
14 Arachidonic Acid Metabolites and the Kidney
Cellular Origin of Eicosanoids
Cyclo-Oxygenase Pathway
Renal COX-1 and COX-2 Expression
Renal Complications of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
Cardiovascular Effects of COX-2 Inhibitors
Prostanoid Synthases
Prostanoid Receptors
Effects of COX-1 and COX-2 Metabolites on Salt and Water Transport
Metabolism of Prostaglandins
Involvement of Cyclo-Oxygenase Metabolites in Renal Pathophysiology
Lipoxygenase Pathway
Cytochrome P450 Pathway
Acknowledgments
References
Section II Disorders of Body Fluid Volume and Composition
15 Disorders of Sodium Balance
Physiology
Sodium Balance Disorders
Specific Treatments Based on the Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
Specific Treatments Based on the Pathophysiology of Sodium Retention in Cirrhosis
References
16 Disorders of Water Balance
Body Fluids: Compartmentalization, Composition, and Turnover
Water Metabolism
Disorders of Insufficient Vasopressin or Vasopressin Effect
Disorders of Excess Vasopressin or Vasopressin Effect
Pathogenesis and Causes of Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia Symptoms, Morbidity, and Mortality
Hyponatremia Treatment
References
17 Disorders of Acid-Base Balance
Acid-Base Homeostasis
Renal Regulation
Systemic Response to Changes in Carbon Dioxide Tension
Systemic Response to Addition of Nonvolatile Acids
Systemic Response to Gain of Alkali
Stepwise Approach to the Diagnosis of Acid-Base Disorders
Respiratory Disorders
Metabolic Disorders
References
18 Disorders of Potassium Balance
Normal Potassium Balance
Renal Potassium Excretion
Consequences of Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia
References
19 Disorders of Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphate Balance
Disorders of Calcium Homeostasis
Disorders of Magnesium Homeostasis
Disorders of Phosphate Homeostasis
References
Section III Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Kidney Disease
20 Epidemiology of Kidney Disease
Epidemiology of End-Stage Kidney Disease
Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease
Epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury
Linking Acute, Chronic, and End-Stage Kidney Disease
Conclusion
References
21 Demographics of Kidney Disease
Sex and Chronic Kidney Disease
Race, Ethnicity, and Chronic Kidney Disease
Socioeconomic Factors and Chronic Kidney Disease
Conclusion
References
22 Risk Factors and Chronic Kidney Disease
The Need to Define Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease
Risk Factors and Mechanisms of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression
Demographic Variables
Hereditary Factors
Hemodynamic Factors
Multisystem Disorders
Primary Renal Disease
Cardiovascular Disease
Biomarkers
Nephrotoxins
Renal Risk Scores
Future Considerations
References
23 Nephron Endowment and Developmental Programming of Blood Pressure and Renal Function
Developmental Programming
Developmental Programming in the Kidney
Programming of Renal Function and Disease
Proposed Mechanisms for Developmental Programming in the Kidney
Impact of Nephron Endowment in Transplantation
Conclusion
References
24 Aging and Kidney Disease
Structural Changes in the Aging Kidney
Functional Changes in the Aging Kidney
Renal Disease in the Aging Kidney
Acknowledgments
References
Section IV Evaluation of the Patient with Kidney Disease
25 Approach to the Patient with Kidney Disease
Hematuria
Nephritic Syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome
Obstructiv