Géoartistique et géopolitique
210 pages
Français

Géoartistique et géopolitique , livre ebook

-

210 pages
Français

Description

En quoi et pourquoi les frontières géopolitiques travaillent-elles les frontières géoartistiques, et réciproquement ? La géoartistique désigne l'importance des déplacements d'un artiste, d'une pratique ou d'un courant artistiques, à travers le monde, donc le franchissement des frontières géographiques et géoesthétiques. Les frontières numériques complexifient de nos jours ce tout. Ce livre analyse des exemples, des concepts et des problèmes pour penser cette problématique et ses enjeux décisifs.

Sujets

Informations

Publié par
Date de parution 01 janvier 2013
Nombre de lectures 20
EAN13 9782296514485
Langue Français
Poids de l'ouvrage 6 Mo

Informations légales : prix de location à la page 0,0000€. Cette information est donnée uniquement à titre indicatif conformément à la législation en vigueur.

Extrait

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Géoartistique & Géopolitique
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GÉOARTISTIQUE
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Frontières
En couverture : Franz Aabaa,Frontières minérales, végétales, animales, in SérieFrontières, 2012.
© L’Harmattan, 2013 5-7, rue de l’Ecole-Polytechnique, 75005 Paris http://www.librairieharmattan.com diffusion.harmattan@wanadoo.fr harmattan1@wanadoo.fr ISBN : 978-2-336-00823-3 EAN : 9782336008233
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