Décision de confirmation des charges contre Laurent Gbagbo (Anglais)

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• Publié par: RFI.fr
• Publié le: 13 juin 2014
• Nombre de lectures: 3 014
• Langue: English

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ICC-02/11-01/11-656-Red 12-06-2014 1/131 NM PT
Original: English No.: ICC-02/11-01/11
Date: 12 June 2014
PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER I
Before: Judge Silvia Fernández de Gurmendi, Presiding Judge
Judge Hans-Peter Kaul
Judge Christine Van den Wyngaert
SITUATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF CÔTE D IVOIRE
IN THE CASE OF
THE PROSECUTOR V. LAURENT GBAGBO
Public Redacted
Decision on the confirmation of charges against Laurent Gbagbo
No. ICC-02/11-01/11 1/131 12 June 2014ICC-02/11-01/11-656-Red 12-06-2014 2/131 NM PT
Decision to be notified, in accordance with regulation 31 of the Regulations of the Court, to:
The Office of the Prosecutor Counsel for the Defence
Fatou Bensouda Emmanuel Altit
James Stewart Agathe Bahi Baroan
Legal Representatives of the Victims Legal Representatives of the Applicants
Unrepresented Victims Unrepresented Applicants for
Participation/Reparation
The Office of Public Counsel for The Office of Public Counsel for the
Victims Defence
Paolina Massidda
States Representatives Amicus Curiae
REGISTRY
Registrar Defence Support Section
Herman von Hebel
Victims and Witnesses Unit Detention Section
Victims Participation and Reparations Other
Section
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................6
I. Procedural history...........................6
II. Preliminary remarks.......................9
Section 2. ANALYSIS OF THE EVIDENCE......................................................13
I. Acts of violence .............................................................13
A. The four incidents.....................13
a) Attacks related to the demonstrations at the RTI building (16-19
December 2010) .............................................................................................13
b) Attack on a women s demonstration in Abobo (3 March 2011 ...)21
c) Shelling of Abobo market and the surrounding area (17 March
2011) ................................................................................................................25
d) The attack on Yopougon (on or around 12 April 2011).................31
B. Other acts....................................................................................................37
II. Links to Laurent Gbagbo.............46
A. The inner circle and the pro-Gbagbo forces..........46
a) The inner circle ....................................................................................46
b) The pro-Gbagbo forces.......49
i. Defence and Security Forces..............................49
ii. Militia ................................................................................................54
iii. Mercenaries......................56
iv. Youth organisations........56
B. Expressions of intention to remain in power at any cost ....................58
a) Public statements ................................................................................58
b) Campaign activities............61
c) The blockade of the Golf Hotel.........................62
C. Preparatory activities in anticipation of the use of violence...............63
a) Securing allegiance of the FDS..........................................................63
b) Acquisition of weapons......................................65
c) Recruitment into the FDS...66
d) Recruitment into, training and supplying of loyal militias ..........69
e) Recruitment and financing of mercenaries .....................................71
D. Coordination and planning of the use of violence...............................75
a) Meetings ................................................................75
b) Instructions to units on the ground through the FDS structure...78
c) Flow of information within the pro-Gbagbo forces.......................79
d) Mobilisation of the youth for violent acts .......................................80
e) Reaction to the evolution of the crisis..............82
E. Lack of sanction or prevention of violence...........87
Section 3. FINDINGS OF THE CHAMBER.......................................................90
I. Specific elements of the alleged crimes against humanity......................90
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A. Murder under article 7(1)(a) of the Statute............................................90
B. Rape under article 7(1)(g) of the Statute................91
C. Other inhumane acts under article 7(1)(k) of the Statute or attempted
murder under articles 7(1)(a) and 25(3)(f) of the Statute.............................91
D. Persecution under article 7(1)(h) of the Statute ....................................93
II. Contextual elements of the alleged crimes against humanity................94
A. The existence of an attack directed against a civilian population .....94
a) Course of conduct involving multiple commission of acts referred
to in article 7(1) of the Statute against any civilian population..............94
b) Course of conduct pursuant to or in furtherance of a State or
organisational policy to commit such attack.............................................96
B. Widespread and systematic character of the attack...........................100
III. Individual criminal responsibility of Laurent Gbagbo......................103
A. Article 25(3)(a) of the Statute.................................................................104
B. Article 25(3)(b) of the Statute.112
C. Article 25(3)(d) of the Statute117
D. Article 28(a) and (b) of the Statute........................................................123
Section 4. CONCLUSION: FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES AND THEIR
LEGAL CHARACTERISATION CONFIRMED BY THE CHAMBER ............125
I. Facts and circumstances described in the charges confirmed by the
Chamber ...............................................................................................................126
II. Legal characterisation of the facts.............................129
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
BAE Anti-Riot Brigade / Brigade Anti-Émeute
BASA Air Defence Artillery Battalion / Bataillon dArtille rie Sol-Air
BMO Law Enforcement Brigade / Brigade de Maintien de l Ordre
CECOS Security Operations Command Centre / Centre de
Commandement des Opérations de Sécurité
CNRD National Resistance Congress for Democracy / Congrès
National de la Résistance pour la Démocratie
CRS Republican Security Company / Compagnie Républicaine de
Sécurité
FANCI National Armed Forces of Côte dIvoire / Forces Armées
Nationales de Côte dIvoire
FDS Defence and Security Forces / Forces de Défense et de Sécurité
GEB Armoured Squadron Group / Groupe dEscadron Blindé
GPP Group of Patriots for Peace / Groupement des Patriotes pour la
Paix
GR Republican Guard / Garde Républicaine
PDCI Democratic Party of Côte dIvoire / Parti Démocratique de Côte
dIvoire
RDR Union of Côte dIvoire Republicans / Rassemblem ent Des
Républicains de Côte dI voire
RHDP Union of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace /
Rassemblement des Houphouëtistes pour la Démocratie et la
Paix
RTI Ivorian Radio and Television / Radiodiffusion-Télévision
Ivoirienne
UNOCI United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire
UNPOL United Nations Police
No. ICC-02/11-01/11 5/131 12 June 2014ICC-02/11-01/11-656-Red 12-06-2014 6/131 NM PT
Pre-Trial Chamber I (the Chamber )of the International Criminal Court (the
Court ) hereby issues the decision pursuant to article 61(7) of the Rome
Statute (the Stat ute) on the confirmation of charges against Laurent Gbagbo.
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION
I. Procedural history
1. On 3 October 2011, Pre-Trial Chamber III authorised the commencement
of an investigation in Côte d Ivoire with respect to crimes within the
1jurisdiction of the Court committed since 28 November 2010.
2. On 23 November 2011, Pre-Trial Chamber III issued the Warrant Of
2Arrest for Laurent Koudou Gbagbo.
3. On 30 November 2011, Laurent Gbagbo was surrendered to the Court.
Laurent Gbagbo made his first appearance before Pre-Trial Chamber III on 5
3December 2011.
4. On 15 March 2012, the situation in Côte d Ivoire was reassigned to the
4present Chamber.
5. On 4 June 2012, Judge Silvia Fernández de Gurmendi, responsible for
carrying out the functions of the Chamber in relation to the situation in Côte
1 Decision Pursuant to Article 15 of the RomeStatute on the Authorisation of an
Investigation into the Situation in the Republic of Côte dIvoire ,ICC-02/11-14-Corr, para. 212.
On 22 February 2012 Pre-Trial Chamber III expanded its authorisation for the investigation in
Côte dIvoire to include cri mes within the jurisdiction of the Court allegedly committed
between 19 September 2002 and 28 November 2010, see Decision on the Prosecutions
provision of further information regarding potentially relevant crimes committed between
2002 and 2010 , IC-02C/11-36, para. 37.
2 ICC-02/11-01/11-1. See also Pre-Trial Chamber III, Decision on the Prosecutors Application
Pursuant to Article 58 for a warrant o