Foundations Review Neolithic Revolution •Agriculture •Domestication of animals •Leads to more people •Food surplus •Job specialization •Land “ownership” – social classes •Changing gender roles Technology •Copper, bronze, and later iron was used for tools, weapons, and jewelry •Wheel – Sumerians had by 3,200 BCE Civilizations •Began near water – rivers except for Mesoamericans •Factors of civilization include cities, organized religion, organized government, written language, and arts/architecture Mesopotamia •Fertile Crescent – between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers •Modern day Iraq •Sumer •Ziggurats •Slaves – all civilizations •Epic of Gilgamesh•Cuneiform •Hammurabi •Polytheistic •Extensive trade Egypt •Nile River •Pharaohs •Hieroglyphics •Polytheistic •Afterlife •Insular Indus •Polytheistic •Indus River •Harappa and MohenjoDaro – advanced, designed cities •Trade