From The Newgate Calendar to Sherlock Holmes - COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL

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From The Newgate Calendar to Sherlock Holmes - COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL

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• Publié par: iqejilax
• Nombre de lectures: 104
• Langue: English

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1 FromThe Newgate Calendar  to Sherlock Holmes   Heather  Worthington 

In Arthur Conan Doyle’s first Sherlock Holmes story, A Study in Scarlet (1887), Dr Watson is introduced to Holmes by Stamford, an ex-colleague from Bart’s (St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London). Stamford and Watson find Holmes conducting an experiment which, he declares, will reliably identify bloodstains. Such a discovery would have proved the guilt of any number of murderers, he tells them: “Von Bischoff …  Mason …  Muller …  Lefevre …  Samson …  I could name a score of cases in which it would have been decisive. ”  Stamford responds by saying that Holmes seems “to be a walking calendar of crime”  (Doyle 1986: 1.8), using “calendar”  to mean a list or directory and admiring Holmes ’s encyclopedic knowledge of criminal biography. But the word is also applicable to the list of prisoners for trial at an assizes and it is in this sense that, in the eighteenth century, the title “The Newgate Calendar”  came into being. Separated by over a century, the late nineteenth-century Holmes narratives and those of The Newgate Calendar  nonetheless share common ground in their focus on crime, criminality and the criminal individual. But The Newgate Calendar  is a col- lection of factual criminal biographies; the Sherlock Holmes stories are fictional representations of criminal cases in which the detective solves the crime and identifies the perpetrator. The format, structure, and function of the two crime narratives are very different and the criminographic developments which occurred in the years that separate them are a major part of the history of the crime fiction genre and the subject of this chapter. 

Beginnings WhilethefigureofSherlockHolmesrequiresnointroduction,The Newgate Calendar  is perhaps less familiar to the student of crime fiction. It is the name given to a number of eighteenth-  and nineteenth-century texts that comprised collections of criminal biographies and it derives from London ’s Newgate Prison, where criminals

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