RESIDUES OF STREPTOMYCIN ANTIBIOTIC IN MEAT SOLD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION IN SOME STATES OF SW NIGERIA(RESIDUOS DE ESTREPTOMICINA EN CARNE EN SW NIGERIA)

M.A. Dipeolu

Description

Abstract
In South Western Nigeria the 17.22, 16.11 and 6.67 percent respectively of samples from goat, cattle and pig meat sold for human consumption were positive (from 0.06 mg/g to 1.99 mg/g) for residues of streptomycin. Some registered values were higher than the W.H.O recommended tolerance levels.
Resumen
En SW Nigeria el 17,22, 16,11 y 6,67 p.100 de muestras de carnes de cabra vaca y cerdo respectivamente fueron positivas (entre 0,06 y 1,99 mg/g) para residuos de estreptomicina. Algunos valores superaban los niveles de tolerancia recomendados por la OMS.

Sujets

• Seguridad alimentaria
• Food safety

Informations

• Publié par: erevistas
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2002
• Nombre de lectures: 12
• Langue: English

Extrait

NOTA BREVE
RESIDUES OF STREPTOMYCIN ANTIBIOTIC IN MEAT SOLD FOR
HUMAN CONSUMPTION IN SOME STATES OF SW NIGERIA
RESIDUOS DE ESTREPTOMICINA EN CARNE EN SW NIGERIA
1 2Dipeolu, M.A. and D.O. Alonge
1Department of Animal Production and Health. University of Agriculture. P.M. B 2240. Abeokuta. Nigeria.
2Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine. University of Ibadan. Ibadan. Nigeria.
ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS PALABRAS CLAVE ADICIONALES
Food safety. Seguridad alimentaria.
SUMMARY
In South Western Nigeria the 17.22, 16.11 animals in Nigeria (Dina and Arowolo,
and 6.67 percent respectively of samples from 1991).
goat, cattle and pig meat sold for human While some of these drugs are
consumption were positive (from 0.06 mg/g to quickly excreted from the animal, others
1.99 mg/g) for residues of streptomycin. Some are not readily metabolized or excreted
registered values were higher than the W.H.O and so, its residues will persist in the
recommended tolerance levels. animal tissues and hence enter the
human food chain constituting health
risks to the consumers. In view of this,
RESUMEN
monitoring of residues of these drugs
in animal products meant for human
En SW Nigeria el 17,22, 16,11 y 6,67 p.100 de
consumption is highly desirable.
muestras de carnes de cabra vaca y cerdo
In Nigeria, there are no programsrespectivamente fueron positivas (entre 0,06 y
for monitoring drug residues in food1,99 mg/g) para residuos de estreptomicina.
animals. Consequently, there are noAlgunos valores superaban los niveles de tole
available data on drug residues in meatrancia recomendados por la OMS.
and meat products. This study is
therefore aimed at investigating meat
INTRODUCTION sold for human consumption for the
residues of streptomycin antibiotic.
In most of the livestock production
systems, antibiotics are usually used
for the prevention and treatment of MATERIALS AND METHODS
animal diseases and to improve the
efficiency of animal production. Strep The study was conducted in Ogun
and Lagos States (SW Nigeria).tomycin is commonly used in livestock
Arch. Zootec. 51: 477 480. 2002.DIPEOLU AND ALONGE
Samples of fresh meat samples, which (1978). The seeded agar (5 ml/l) was
include kidney, liver and muscle tissue then aseptically poured on sterile petri
of cattle, goats and pigs were collected dish (Sterilin®, 9 cm diameter), allowed
from July to December 2000 from opento harden and 1.0 cm well bored.
markets in thirty Local Government Twenty five grams of meat sample
Areas (LGAs) (fifteen LGAs per were homogenized with 100 ml of
State) of study. In all, five hundred andphosphate buffer (pH 8.0) in a
forty (540) samples, were analyzed for stomacher machine (Colworth 400®).
the residues of streptomycin antibiotic. The homogenized meat was centrifu
The meat samples were labeled and ged (4000 rpm for 10 min, room tempe
stored at 4°C prior to analysis. rature) and 1 ml of the supernatant
Fresh meat samples (kidney, liver aseptically inoculated into the prepared
and muscle tissues) from cattle, goats agar. The plate was thereafter
and pigs raised at the Teaching and incubated at 37°C overnight and zones
Research Farm of the University of of bacteria growth inhibition measured
Agriculture, Abeokuta, were used as with vernier calipers. The concen
the control. None of the animals was tration of the residues of streptomycin
given antibiotics three months before, in the samples was determined by
or during, the study. extrapolation from standard curve
Microbiological assay was used for prepared for streptomycin antibiotic
the analysis of residues of streptomycin using standard solutions of 0.05 mg/ml,
antibiotic in meat samples collected. 0.75 mg/ml, l.0 mg/ml, 1.5 mg/ml and 2.0
Antibiotic medium 5 (Difco®) agar, mg/ml of streptomycin.
was aseptically prepared (25.5 g/l) and The data generated were analyzed
inoculated (at 60 °C) with the test statistically using the analysis of
organism according to Inglis and Katz variance technique (SPSS, 1993).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table I . Distribution of streptomycin residues
in meat samples. (Distribución de la estrep Table I shows that the streptomycin
tomicina en muestras de carne). given to the animals may not have been
fully metabolized and excreted before
positive negative positive
they were slaughtered. Similar results
samples samples p.100
involving antibiotic residues in chickens
and turkeys in the areas of study wereOrgans
Liver 22 158 12.22 also reported by Oyekunle and Olubi
Kidney 27 153 15.00 (1992) and Dipeolu et al. (2001).
Muscle 23 157 12.78 The concentration of the strepto
Species mycin residues in the meat samples
Cattle 29 151 16.11 ranged from 0.06mg/g to 1.99mg/g
Goats 31 149 17.22
(table II).
Pig 12 168 6.67
Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside
Control 0 540 0.00
that is poorly absorbed from the gastro
Archivos de zootecnia vol. 51, núm. 196, p. 478.RESIDUES OF STREPTOMYCIN IN MEAT
intestinal tract. Consequently, intra
Table III. Areas with streptomycin residues
muscular injection is the common route
higher than MRL*. (Áreas con residuos de
of administration of this drug. This may
estreptomicina mayores que lo previsto por MRL*).
explain the higher residue concen
trations (p<0.05) observed in the muscle
MRL Ogun Lagos
samples over the visceral organ
Level Conc. Species Conc. Species
samples. The period of administration Muscle
of this antibiotic to the animals prior to0.5 1.26 Cattle 0.63 Cattle
slaughter is also of importance. 1.58 Cattle
The mean residue concentration 1.99 Cattle
0.63 Goatrecorded in the meat samples from one
1.26 Goatanimal species is not significantly higher
0.57 Pigthan the others (p>0.05). Although meat
1.26 Pigfrom cattle seemed to be very popular
1.56 Pig
in the areas of study, the demand for
Liver
one animal species in these areas may
1.0 1.26 Cattle 1.26 Cattle
really not have been more than the
1.26 Cattle
others. Hence there was no need to Kidney
increase the usage of streptomycin 1.0 1.26 Goat 1.99 Goat
antibiotic in one animal type over the
others. State of purchase of the meat *recommendation (mg/g) (WHO, 1995).
Table II. Concentration of streptomycin samples does not also play any
residues in meat samples. (Concentración de important role in antibiotic residue
residuos de estreptomicina en muestras de car accumulation in the animals. The
ne). animals may not have been raised/
produced in the state where they were
Mean residue ± SEM Range processed for human consumption.
levels (mg/g) (mg/g) In Nigeria, the use of drugs is not
adequately monitored and prescription
Organs
drugs such as the antibiotics can easily
bLiver 0.3200 0.0844 0.06 1.26
be purchased. The injudicious use ofbKidney 0.3544 0.0822 0.06 1.99
streptomycin; including wrong dosageaMuscle 0.6496 0.1145
and mode of administration may be theSpecies
cause of residue accumulation observedCattle 0.4769 0.0936 0.06 1.99
in this study. Failure to observeGoats 0.3871 0.0829
Pigs 0.4767 0.1383 0.10 1.26 withdrawal period of this antibiotic in
States the different animal species before
Ogun 0.4373 0.0693 0.06 1.99 they were slaughtered for human
Lagos 0.4476 0.0970 0.10 1.09 consumption may also have been
responsible for the residue accumula
All values with different superscripts are
tion in the meat samples. Sick animals
significantly different (p<0.05).
under medication might also have been
Archivos de zootecnia vol. 51, núm. 196, p. 479.DIPEOLU AND ALONGE
slaughtered. The consequences of when the need arises. This may become
these practices are worrisome as the a problem especially when the people
populace is exposed to the residues ofconcerned do not have access to
the antibiotics in the meat they consu substitute antibiotics, which are often
me and its attendant consequences. expensive.
WHO (1995) recommended Maxi Antibiotics are extremely important
mum Residue Level (MRL) for class of drugs, as they represent a key
streptomycin in muscle tissues as 0.5 component in the strategy used in the
mg/g and that of liver and kidney tissues control of bacterial infections in both
as 1.00 mg/g. Table III shows that all humans and animals. It is therefore
the organ types (muscle, liver and important that their use in food animals
kidney) recorded streptomycin levels be done with utmost care; antibiotics
higher than the WHO recommen should be given at recommended doses
dations. The implication of this is thatand with appropriate supervision.
the individuals that consume the meat Adequate holding period should be
with these high antibiotic residue levelsobserved in all slaughter animals
are exposed to the health hazards following therapeutic use of antibiotics.
associated with drug residues in the Ideally, the use of antibiotics in food
human food chain. The most importantanimals by non veterinarians should
of such hazards in the Nigerian be discouraged. Also, genetic improve
environment appears to be drug ment and use of biologicals (including
resistance, whereby the consumers of vaccines) to control diseases may
such meat may show resistance to replace the sub therapeutic use of
t