RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKS TO VIRGINIAMYCIN ANDDIETARY PROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS IN THE HUMID TROPICS (RESPUESTA DE BROILERS A LA VIRGINIAMICINA Y A LAS CONCENTRACIONES PROTEICAS DE LA DIETA EN EL TRÓPICO HÚMEDO)

Odunsi A.A.

Description

Abstract
The performance, protein utilization, haematology and serum chemistry of broiler chicks fed 180, 210 and 240 g/kg protein levels without (0 ppm) or with (20 ppm) Virginiamycin (Vm) as a growth promoter during the starting phase was investigated. Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency increased (p<0.05) with protein concentration. Additionally, Vm significantly (p<0.05) increased daily gain and feed efficiency above the unsupplemented groups. Protein intake and excretion correlated (r= 0.993) positively, however, groups on supplements had reduced excreta protein content thus culminating into higher daily (absolute) and apparent (relative) protein retention than groups without. The haematological 1Corresponding author. 2The use of Virginiamycin is forbidden in the EU and other countries, but many others where its use is not restricted can obtain considerable profit of including antibiotics as diet ingredients. and serum biochemical values in the broilers generally suggest adequate and healthy nutrition. A compendium of the results indicate the differential effects of dietary protein levels on the response of broiler chicks to Vm fed as a growth promoter.
Resumen
En broilers alimentados con raciones que contenían 180, 210 y 240 g/kg de proteína, sin (0 ppm) o con (20 ppm) virginiamicina (Vm) como promotor del crecimiento, se investigó, durante la fase de inicio, la eficacia, utilización de la proteína, hematología y química del suero. Al aumentar la concentración proteica, lo hicieron (p<0,05) el peso corporal, ingestión de alimento y eficacia de conversión del pienso. Además, la Vm incrementó significativamente (p<0,05) la ganancia diaria de peso y la eficacia de conversión del alimento respecto a los grupos no suplementados. La ingestión y excrección de proteína estuvieron positivamente correlacionadas (r= 0,993). Sin embargo, los grupos que recibieron el suplemento mostraron una reducción del contenido proteico de la excreta determinando una superior retención proteica diaria (absoluta) y aparente (relativa) que la de los que no lo recibieron. Los valores hematológicos y bioquímicos del suero de los broilers sugieren en general una nutrición suficiente y saludable. Como compendio los resultados indican efectos diferenciales de los niveles de proteína del pienso sobre la respuesta de los broilers a la Vm cuando se emplea como promotor del crecimiento.

Sujets

• Feed additive
• Poultry
• Growth
• Hematology
• Aditivo alimentario
• Avicultura
• Crecimiento (desambiguación)
• Hematología

Informations

• Publié par: erevistas
• Publié le: 01 janvier 1999
• Nombre de lectures: 14
• Langue: English

Extrait

RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKS TO VIRGINIAMYCIN AND
DIETARY PROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS IN THE HUMID TROPICS
RESPUESTA DE BROILERS A LA VIRGINIAMICINA Y A LAS CONCENTRACIONES
PROTEICAS DE LA DIETA EN EL TRÓPICO HÚMEDO
1 2 3Odunsi, A.A., A.A. Onifade and G.M. Babatunde
1Department of Animal Prodiction and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso,
Nigeria.
2Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 1060,
Kuwait.
3Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS PALABRAS CLAVE ADICIONALES
Feed additive. Poultry. Growth. Heamatology. Aditivos alimenticios. Avicultura. Crecimiento.
Hematología.
SUMMARY
The performance, protein utilization, haema and serum biochemical values in the broilers
tology and serum chemistry of broiler chicks fed generally suggest adequate and healthy nutrition.
180, 210 and 240 g/kg protein levels without (0 A compendium of the results indicate the
ppm) or with (20 ppm) Virginiamycin (Vm) as a differential effects of dietary protein levels on the
growth promoter during the starting phase was response of broiler chicks to Vm fed as a growth
investigated. promoter.
Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion
efficiency increased (p<0.05) with protein
concentration. Additionally, Vm significantly RESUMEN
(p<0.05) increased daily gain and feed efficiency
above the unsupplemented groups. Protein intake En broilers alimentados con raciones que
and excretion correlated (r= 0.993) positively, contenían 180, 210 y 240 g/kg de proteína, sin (0
however, groups on supplements had reduced ppm) o con (20 ppm) virginiamicina (Vm) como
excreta protein content thus culminating into higher promotor del crecimiento, se investigó, durante la
daily (absolute) and apparent (relative) protein fase de inicio, la eficacia, utilización de la proteí
retention than groups without. The haematological na, hematología y química del suero.
Al aumentar la concentración proteica, lo
1Corresponding author. hicieron (p<0,05) el peso corporal, ingestión de
2The use of Virginiamycin is forbidden in the EU
alimento y eficacia de conversión del pienso.
and other countries, but many others where its use is
Además, la Vm incrementó significativamentenot restricted can obtain considerable profit of
including antibiotics as diet ingredients. (p<0,05) la ganancia diaria de peso y la eficacia
Arch. Zootec. 48: 317 325.1999.ODUNSI, ONIFADE AND BABATUNDE
de conversión del alimento respecto a los grupos growth of chicks fed a high fibre diet
no suplementados. La ingestión y excrección de was improved by antibiotic supplemen
proteína estuvieron positivamente correla tation whereas Odunsi and Onifade
cionadas (r= 0,993). Sin embargo, los grupos que (1998) reported the absence of
recibieron el suplemento mostraron una reduc synergistic growth promotion by
ción del contenido proteico de la excreta determi supplemental oil and zinc bacitracin in
nando una superior retención proteica diaria (ab broiler chicks. Foster and Stevenson
soluta) y aparente (relativa) que la de los que no (1983) showed that the response of
lo recibieron. Los valores hematológicos y broiler chicks to avoparcin and zinc
bioquímicos del suero de los broilers sugieren en
bacitracin was not dependent on dietary
general una nutrición suficiente y saludable. Como
protein concentration. Earlier, March
compendio los resultados indican efectos dife
et al. (1978) observed that the response
renciales de los niveles de proteína del pienso
of chickens to virginiamycin incorpo
sobre la respuesta de los broilers a la Vm cuando
rated in diets varying in their grain
se emplea como promotor del crecimiento.
source, fat and protein concentrations
were essentially the same, while Hedde
(1983) later reported that the effect ofINTRODUCTION
virginiamycin on improving broiler per
formance was more pronounced whenVirginiamycin is an effective
diets of low energy concentration wereantibiotic against gram positive micro
used.organisms and like some other anti
This controversy provides a testablebiotics enhances the performance of
hypothesis, hence we evaluated thebroiler chickens (Bunyan et al. , 1977;
growth performance, protein utilization,Miles et al. , 1984a, Harms et al., 1986).
haematology and serum biochemistryHowever, broiler chicks may exhibit
of broiler chickens fed three proteindifferential responses depending on
concentrations each with or withoutdiet composition, nutrient levels, age,
supplemental virginiamycin in a humidstocking density and genetic make up
tropical environment.(Dafwang et al. , 1987; Bartov, 1992a,
b; Onifade and Babatunde, 1997;
Odunsi and Onifade, 1998). Conflicting
MATERIALS AND METHODSinformation are available on the effects
of these largely exogenous determi
A 3x2 factorial experiment compri nants of response of chickens fed
sing three dietary protein concen different growth promoters. For
trations: 180, 210 and 240 g/kg and twoinstance, Bartov (1992a) concluded that
concentrations: 0 and 20 ppm ofthe response of broiler chickens to
virginiamycin (Vm) was designed. Thevirginiamycin is not dependent on
resultant six diets (table I) were fedenergy: protein ratio or energy
concentration whereas Bartov (1992b) to 1 day old mixed sex broiler chicks of
affirmed that the response of broiler Hubbard strain up to 35 days of age.
chicks to avoparcin increased with Each diet was fed to forty broiler chicks
dietary energy concentration. Onifade randomly divided into four equal
and Babatunde (1997) concluded that replicates. The broiler chicks were
Archivos de zootecnia vol. 48, núm. 183, p. 318.BROILERS RESPONSE TO ANTIBIOTICS AND DIETARY PROTEIN LEVELS
reared in electrically heated floor pens allocation to the birds was uniformly
up to 28 days of age after which maintained at 75 g/broiler/day. After
brooding was discontinued. Broiler three days of adjustment, total collection
chicks were offered feed and water of excreta was carried out. Daily ex
ad libitum throughout the experimen creta collections were dried in a forced
tal period. Individual body weights were draft oven at 60°C for 48 hours and
determined weekly, while feed intakes later analysed for N content. Blood
were computed weekly on replicate specimens were terminally collected
thbasis. Between 28 and 35 days of the in the 35 day from 8 overnight fasted
experiment, data on protein utilization broiler chicks per treatment through
were collected. Eight 28 day old broilersthe jugular vein using sterile syringes
of mean weight per treatment (two perand needles. Haematological samples
replicate) were randomly selected and were collected in EDTA treated
kept individually in metabolism cages bottles; serum chemistry samples were
for protein balance studies. Feed collected without the anticoagulant.
Packed cell volume (PCV), red
blood cell (RBC), white blood cell
(WBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) concen Table I. Composition of the basal diets (g/
trations were determined usingkg). (Composición de las dietas basales (g/kg)).
Wintrobe's microhaematocrit, improved
Neubauer haemocytometer and me Crude protein 180 210 240
thaemoglobin methods respectively.
Maize 680.0 583.0 486.5 The erythrocytic mean indices: cor
Groundnut cake 243.0 340.0 436.0 puscular volume (MCV); corpuscular
Fish meal 30.0 30.0 30.0 haemoglobin (MCH) and corpuscular
Bone meal 25.0 25.0 25.0 haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
Oyster shell 15.0 15.0 15.0 were computed according to Jain
Salt 2.0 2.0 2.0
(1986). Serum total protein, albumin,
1Premix 2.5 2.5 2.5
globulin and urea were analysed using
Methionine 2.5 2.5 2.5
Sigma assay kits; creatinine (Scott,
Virginiamycin* +/ +/ +/
1965) and uric acid (Henry et al.,Chemical analysis
1957). Diets and excreta were analysedCrude protein g/kg 180.5 210.4 240.1
2 for N according to AOAC (1990).Metabolizable energy 12.55 12.20 12.05
Data collected were subjected to
*The basal diets were supplemented without ( ) oranalysis of variance of factorial
with (+) 20 ppm Virginiamycin. experiment (Steel and Torrie, 1980),
1Premix supplied the following vitamins and and differences between means were
minerals per kg of diet: A, 10000 i.u; D, 3000 i.u; separated according to Duncan (1955).
E, 8.0 i.u; K, 2.0 mg; B , 2.0 mg, B , 1.2 mg; B , 0.12
1 6 12
mg; niacin, 1.0 mg; panthotenic acid, 7.0 mg; folic
acid, 0.6 mg; choline chloride; 500 mg; Fe, 60 mg;
RESULTS
Mn, 80 mg; Mg, 100 mg; Cu, 8.0 mg; Zn, 60 mg; Co
0.45 mg; 1,2.0 mg and Se, 0.1 mg.
Table II summarises the effects of2Calculated (MJ/Kg).
dietary protein concentration and
Archivos de zootecnia vol. 48, núm. 183, p. 319.ODUNSI, ONIFADE AND BABATUNDE
supplemental Vm on the growth of parable (p>0.05) quantitative feed
broiler chicks. Body weights of broiler consumption pattern with their unsup
chicks at 35 days of age and average plemented counterparts, but for the
daily gain on the unsupplemented diets significantly (p<0.05) augmented intake
increased significantly (p<0.05) and on 240 g/kg dietary protein. Amongst
correlated positively (r= 0.98) with the the unsupple