Economy-Energy-Environment models

Directorate-General For Research And Innovation European Commission

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Energy research
Energy policy
Research policy and organisation

Informations

• Publié par: DIRECTORATE-GENERAL-FOR-RESEARCH-AND-INNOVATION-EUROPEAN-COMMISSION
• Nombre de lectures: 18
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

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E U R Ο Ρ E A I
COMMISSION
SCIENCE
RESEARCH
DEVELOPMENT
JOULE II Programme
m
ECONOMY-
ENERGY-
ENVIRONMENT MODELS
EUR 16712 EN ã 16716 EN
EUR 16785 EN Procédures spéciales
gratuits
DG XII Mme. TENTEN
JOULE PROGRAMME
MO 75 06/12
CE-Bruxelles
EUR 16712 EN 2HO
CxfU /o^°|
'S/ü European Commission
Directorate-General XII
Science, Research and Development Λ
ECONOMY-ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT
MODELS κ
(Joule II Programme)
EUR 16712 EN ^ 1995 Published by the
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Directorate-General XII
Science, Research and Development
B-1049 Bruxelles
LEGAL NOTICE
'The authors are the only responsible for any opinions and recommendations expressed in the book.
In no way, those opinions and recommendations represent the view
of the European Commission and of the related Services.'
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1995
© ECSC-EC-EAEC, Brussels and Luxembourg, 1995
Printed in Belgium TABLE OF CONTENTS
General introduction 5
GEM-E3 (General Equilibrium Model for Economy-Energy-
Environment) 9
E3-ME (Energy-Environment-Economy Model for Europe) 15
WARM (World Assessment of Resource Management) 27
MÉGAPESTES (Modèle d'Équilibre Général Appliqué aux
Politiques de l'Environnement Soutenables) 35
POLES (Prospective Outlook on Long-term Energy Systems) 43
PRIMES (A computable Price-driven Equilibrium Model of
the Energy System and Markets for Europe) 53
TEP (Trans European Power) 61
TEG (Trans European Gas)9
SAFIRE (Strategic Assessment Framework for the Implemen­
tation of Rational Energy) 75 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
The Third Framework Programme aims at giving an innovatory thrust to RTD action throughout
its five year duration (1990-1994). For energy, one field of RTD activity to be implemented is
Non-Nuclear Energy. The specific programme on Non-Nuclear Energy — JOULE II
(1991-1994) — is a development and extension of the JOULE I Programme on Non-Nuclear
Energies and the Rational Use of Energy Programme (1989-1992). The general objective of
JOULE II is to contribute to the development of:
— economically viable and environmentally safer energy options;
— energy saving technologies.
In particular, JOULE II has the following specific objectives:
* To guarantee the supply of energy and to improve the quality of life, taking account of the
interactions between energy and environment. The means to achieve this objective are:
— the availability and flexibility of conventional energy sources;
— the development of new energy sources;
— the judicious management of those resources;
— the control of efficient and clean energy technologies.
* To adapt and modernise certain sectors (e.g. industry, transport, housing, tertiary and
agriculture) by offering them products, processes and technologies, which in energy terms
are cleaner, more efficient, safer and cheaper.
* To further the development of the technical capability and adaptability of the industries of
the European Union in the field of energy technologies by stimulating innovation; to ensure
for these industries a high level of competitiveness in the internal market through research
which leads to the definition of norms and standards.
* To take account, in the development of energy technologies, of the needs of less favoured
regions and of developing countries. The aim is to contribute to their economic and social
development while protecting their environment. Special attention will be paid to the
innovative exploitation and rational management of their energy resources as well as to
appropriate technology transfer.
The four areas covered by the programme are:
Area 1 Analysis of strategies and modelling
Area 2 Minimum emission power production from fossil fuels
Area 3 Renewable energy sources
Area 4 Energy utilization and conservation The sub-programme 'Analysis of strategies and modelling' focuses on the utilization of
Community-wide models to analyze the different energy, environmental and related economic
policies; its aim is also to develop new tools to evaluate energy and energy RTD strategies in
which the environment, social, internal market and world dimension are incorporated.
1.1 Elements of a European Energy R&D Strategy
This sub-section consists of six actions dealing with the following issues:
— strategic assessment of global and long-term evolution of the energy scene and reduction of
uncertainties;
— assessment of the economic impact (including industrial competitiveness) of environmental
protection measures in energy policies;
— assessment of the potential contribution of available energy conservation options (which
are technologically mature, but not yet exploited);
— evaluation of energy R&D strategies (both at European and national levels) and comparison
with R&D activities in the other OECD countries;
— review of policy options for the choice of instruments to stimulate energy conservation.
In addition to the above-mentioned actions which are directed at the development of a general
conceptual framework for assessing and developing energy R&D strategies, other specific
aspects to be considered in Community energy strategies are to be investigated. These address,
for instance, the economic development of Eastern and Central European countries and the
conservation of electricity. These actions will provide additional elements for inclusion in
existing models and methods.
1.2 Development of new models and methods
The existing models, such as those developed in the frame of JOULE I, do not consider new
aspects of growing importance such as the implications of regional development, the impact of
the Single European Market and integration of different policies. The projects implemented
under this section will contribute to fill such gaps.
* External costs
Current models need to be adapted in order to take account of market externalities. This task
started under JOULE I and is being completed in JOULE II. The new projects have the
following objectives:
— completion of the accounting framework for the coal and nuclear fuel cycles;