2nd Summer University in Surgical Robotics Montpellier September

Etienne Dombre

Description

2nd Summer University in Surgical Robotics, Montpellier, September 07-14, 2005 Abstracts of the lectures ___________________________________________________________________________ Introduction to surgical robotics Etienne Dombre In order to give an overview of the domains covered by Medical robotics, I will first present some R&D projects in assistive technologies and rehabilitation robotics, before focusing on surgical robotics. Then, I will analyze some classical surgical functions (machining, insertion, minimally-invasive surgery, suturing), from the viewpoint of the engineer, in order to illustrate the limitations of the manual procedures. This analysis will serve to justify the introduction of robotics in surgery. The added-values and limitations of computer & robot aided surgery will be discussed. A state of the art will present the main prototypes and commercial systems. Finally, I will list some future directions of R&D and technical challenges. ______________________________________________________________

• cardiac surgery


• robot


• surgery including


• video image


• medical imaging


• robot control - outlook


• assisted pericardiocentesis


• distinction between


• main technical

Sujets

• Chavanon
• Strasbourg
• Poignet
• Aerospace

Informations

• Publié par: pefav
• Nombre de lectures: 11
• Langue: English

Extrait

1
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
Industrial Ecology
for a
Sustainable Future
Abstracts from the second ISIE conference
29 JUNE - 2 JULY 2003 -- UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
29 June - 3 July 2003—Ann Arbor, Michigan2
This document features abstracts from talks and posters presented at the second
meeting of the International Society for Industrial Ecology (ISIE). The abstracts
clearly reflect the diversity and creativity inherent in industrial ecology.
If you would like more information about the ISIE, please see our website at http://
www.yale.edu/is4ie. Additionally, this site will offer the 2003 conference posters,
presentations, and papers.
The abstract document is organized into four sections:
I Abstracts from oral technical sessions, organized by session pg. 3
II Abstracts from poster sessions, organized alphabetically
by presenting author (denoted *) pg. 154
III Author index and contact information: oral technical sessions pg. 211
IV Author index and contact information: poster sessions pg. 225
This document reflects the program as of 16 June 2003.3
Technical Session (T1)
Indicators, Metrics, and Corporate Sustainability
Reporting
The E-Equity Index: The Use of Industrial Ecology Principles to
Benchmark Sustainable Business Practices for Power Generation
Facilities
Jason Makansi, Scott Stallard, Timothy Earney
A flagship coal-fired power station operating in Missouri will be used to illustrate how
to apply the E-Equity Index to benchmark, better understand, and make superior invest-
ment decisions about, industrial and manufacturing assets. E-Equity Index, based on
the principles of industrial ecology, seeks to assess the total value of an industrial en-
terprise to society, and therefore move the debate about these assets away from simply
financial and environmental parameters. The Index can be used to support communica-
tions programs about assets, inform the investment decision process, and operate the
asset in a more holistic way.
Sustainability Assessment of Eco-ethical Investment Funds: Prin-
ciples and Method
Thomas Koellner
The fundamental goal of private as well as institutional investors is to maximize the
expected rate on return of their investment portfolios. Investors, however, do not only
take financial returns into account in their investment choice. They also attempt to bal-
ance the expected returns with aspects of liquidity and risk being the constraints of
their activities (Steiner and Bruns 2000, pp 50). Recently investors seek to consider
ecological and social criteria in their investments beside the financial aspects. Institu-
tional investors such as pension funds, for example, are required to publish their in-
vestment strategies with respect to sustainability goals. The supply of investment prod-
ucts – especially mutual funds –, which complies with sustainability criteria, is increas-
ing. In Europe, for example, about 284 different sustainability funds are available
(www.sricompass.org, 26.8.2002). Sustainability funds, in this paper, are meant in its
broadest sense ranging from eco-efficiency funds to real sustainability funds, which
take into account ecological, socio-cultural, ethical and economical aspects at the same
time. The green investment alternatives include inter alia large cap stock funds (mix of
international companies which are best in their class), pioneer stock funds (only small
and medium sized companies like solar energy companies), and bond funds. In order to
reach an informed decision, potential investors with sustainability goals need to com-
paratively assess the variety of funds based on financial as well as non-financial crite-
ria. While approaches and methods for the evaluation of the financial performance exist4
in rating agencies and banks, the assessment of the non-financial performance (i.e., the
ecological and social return) is rather underdeveloped. In consequence, fund managers
are not able to set up standards of non-financial performance and thus they are not able
to account to investors and their stakeholders for this aspect. The accountability issue
is, however, a prerequisite for the investment banking sector playing a serious role in
sustainable development. Otherwise, sustainable investment remains a buzzword . In
the “green investment market” there is, therefore, a growing need for transparency with
respect to ecological and social performance of funds. At the same time, however, the
capacity of investors to handle extensive information is limited and thus instruments
must be tailored towards the investors needs. Sustainability rating of funds can pro-
vide the desired transparency and can complete the existing financial rating. In general
very different types of knowledge must be integrated in a sustainability rating. These
include knowledge about goals and values, about methodological principles and ap-
proaches, and about availability of information. Our objective in this paper is to de-
velop the conceptual framework for a non-financial rating of investment funds as well
as to discuss methodological approaches for this rating. The non-financial rating should
be designed that it complements the existing financial rating of funds. Clearly
sustainability comprises more than ecological aspects, but for the purpose of being
focused we do not address economical, social, ethical and cultural aspects of
sustainability in the methodological part of our paper.
A Set of Sustainability Indicators for Metallic Raw Material Flows -
A Decision Support Approach
Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs, Karl-Ludwig Huettner, Witold-Roger
Poganietz
Following the Rio Summit of 1992 many research activities are concerned with
sustainability indicators. Considering the production chain of primary and secondary
metals, a complex global network of producers and consumers and therefore a multi-
tude of ecological, eco-nomic and social interventions across national boundaries on
different scales have to be taken into account. Therefore an holistic indicator set of
material flows of metallic raw materials has been developed which considers that its
various impacts are embedded in different ecological, economic, social as well as insti-
tutional basic conditions. The identified sustain-ability indicators are methodologically
differentiated into material flow, sector and product indicators. Additionally, different
spatial and temporal dimensions of impacts are considered. The decision support ap-
proach takes into account that the development of a holistic indicator set is important
in scientific considerations. However, beyond scientific awareness creation, political
and economic decision-makers are dependent on specific core indicators suitable to
support decision-making. To guarantee the decision support function of the holistic
indicator set, three modifications are of central concern. At first the reduction of the
holistic indicator set is presented to enable decision-makers dealing with complex is-
sues of contrary eco-nomic and societal protection targets. Secondly, system bound-
aries of indicators are deter-mined according to different actor levels and decision con-
texts. Finally, thresholds of indicators are identified whose exceeding justifies societal5
call for action. Taken together these steps enable to determine sustainable develop-
ment orientated recommendations addressing economic and political decision-makers
of the material flow of metallic raw materials beyond scientific considerations. The pro-
posed methodology is exemplified by indicator-based studies of the material flow of
aluminum and copper.
Evaluation of LEED Green Building Rating Program Using Life
Cycle Assessment Methods
Gregory A. Keoleian, Chris W. Scheuer
Commercial buildings account for 15% of U.S. energy consumption and contribute to
many other resources and environmental impacts. While efforts to manage these im-
pacts are on-going, comprehensive approaches have been lacking. The U.S. Green Build-
ing Council (USGBC) has developed the Leadership in Energy and Environmental De-
sign (LEED), which is a comprehensive green building rating system to evaluate envi-
ronmental performance from a whole building perspective over a building’s life cycle.
LEED is a credit-based system. 64 credit points are divided among 5 environmental
impact areas (Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, Materials
and Resources, Indoor Environmental Quality). Since release in 1998 LEED has experi-
enced exponential growth. As of August 2002, there are 1400 member organizations and
515 registered projects. Clearly LEED has been successful as a tool for marketing green
buildings. But how comprehensive is a LEED certification? How well balanced are indi-
vidual credits in a LEED assessment? To date there has been little comprehensive study
of the program. This project was sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) with the goal of evaluating individual LEED credits utilizing life
cycle assessment methods. This project measured changes in life cycle energy con-
sumption and solid waste generation from the simulated implementation of LEED cred-
its on a case study building. The project scope was restricted to analyzing the energy
and solid waste impacts of a subset of the LEED credi