Empowering Teacher Leaders: A Cohort Model of Professional ...

Description

• cours - matière potentielle : stakeholders
• cours - matière potentielle : plans
• cours - matière potentielle : as curricular leaders
• exposé
• cours - matière potentielle : days

0     Empowering Teacher Leaders: A Cohort Model of Professional Development Justin Reich EdTechTeacher.org Harvard Graduate School of Education Thomas Daccord EdTechTeacher.org 1/15/2009

• off talks by outsiders to the entire faculty
• core program
• kind of education skunkworks
• practice school
• real change
• st century
• cohorts
• school
• teachers
• 2 teachers
• skills

Sujets

• Stakeholder
• Exposé
• Parker
• Christensen
• Johnson
• Murnane
• Harvard Graduate School of Education
• Wagner

Informations

• Publié par: nodil
• Nombre de lectures: 10
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

ECONOMIC BOOK 10/28/04 10:40 AM Page 1
The Free Market and
Its Enemies:
Pseudo-Science, Socialism, and InflationECONOMIC BOOK 10/28/04 10:40 AM Page 2
LUDWIG VON MISESECONOMIC BOOK 10/28/04 10:40 AM Page 3
The Free Market and
Its Enemies:
Pseudo-Science, Socialism, and Inflation
BY LUDWIG VON MISES
With an Introduction by Richard M. Ebeling
Lecture Transcriptions by Bettina Bien Greaves
FOUNDATION FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION
Irvington-on-Hudson, NY 10533ECONOMIC BOOK 10/28/04 10:40 AM Page 4
This book is published by the Foundation for Economic Education, a foundation established to
study and advance the first principles of freedom.
©2004 Foundation for Economic Education. All rights reserved.
Frontispiece photograph of Ludwig von Mises courtesy of Richard M. Ebeling.
Printed in the United States of America
08 07 06 05 04 5 4 3 2 1
Cataloging-in-Publication Data on file with the Library of Congress
ISBN 1–57246–208–6
Foundation for Economic Education
30 S. Broadway
Irvington-on-Hudson, New York 10533ECONOMIC BOOK 10/28/04 10:40 AM Page 5
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Introduction by Richard Ebeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
1S T LE C T U R E Economics and Its Opponents . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2N D LE C T U R E Pseudo-Science and Historical
Understanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3R D LE C T U R E Acting Man and Economics. . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4T H LE C T U R E Marxism, Socialism, and Pseudo-Science. . . . 21
5T H LE C T U R E Capitalism and Human Progress. . . . . . . . . . 33
6T H LE C T U R E Money and Inflation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
7T H LE C T U R E The Gold Standard:
Its Importance and Restoration . . . . . . . . . . 52
8T H LE C T U R E Money, Credit, and the Business Cycle . . . . . 62
9T H LE C T U R E The Business Cycle and Beyond . . . . . . . . . 73
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85ECONOMIC BOOK 10/28/04 10:40 AM Page 6
blankECONOMIC BOOK 10/28/04 10:40 AM Page 7
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
These lecture s , d e l iv e red by Ludwig von Mises at the Fo u n -
dation for Economic Education in the summer of 1951, would not
exist if not for Bettina Bien Greaves, who took them down word
for word in shorthand, and who kindly made the transcriptions
available to FEE. Mrs. Greaves served as a senior staff member at
the Foundation for almost 50 years, until her retirement in 1999.
She and her late husband, Percy L. Greaves, Jr., were among
Mises’s closest friends. Her appreciation and understanding of
Mises’s works have helped keep his legacy alive for a new genera-
tion of friends of freedom.
The publication of these lectures has been made possible
through the kind generosity of Mr. Sheldon Rose of Farmington
Hills,Michigan, and the Richard E. Fox Foundation of Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, and the especially the unstinting support of the Fox
Foundation’s senior executor, Mr. Michael Pivarnik.
M rs . Beth Hoffman, m a n a ging editor of FEE’s monthly publ i-
c a t i o n , The Freeman, has ove rseen the preparation of the manu s c ri p t
f rom beginning to end with her usual professional care.
viiECONOMIC BOOK 10/28/04 10:40 AM Page 8
blankECONOMIC BOOK 10/28/04 10:40 AM Page ix
INTRODUCTION
by Richard M. Ebeling
OVER A TWELVE-DAY PERIOD, from June 25 to July 6, 1951, the inter-
nationally renowned Austrian economist Ludwig von Mises delivered a
series of lectures at the Foundation for Economic Education (FEE) at its
headquarters in Irvington-on-Hudson, NewYork. Bettina Bien Greaves, a
FEE staff member at that time, took down Mises’s lectures in shorthand,
word for word, and then transcribed them into a full manuscript. It has
remained unpublished until now.
FEE is proud to finally make these lectures available to a new genera-
tion. Mises was almost 70 years old when he spoke the words that are in
this text, but they reveal a vitality of mind that is youthful in its clarity and
vision of the free market and its critical analysis of freedom’s enemies.
Ludwig von Mises: His Life and Contributions
During the decades before Mises gave these lectures at FEE he had
established himself as one of the leading voices of freedom in the Western
1world.
Ludwig von Mises was born on September 29, 1881, in Lemberg, the
capital of the province of Galicia in the old Austro-Hungarian Empire
( n ow known as Lvov in we s t e rn Ukraine). He graduated from the
University of Vienna in 1906 with a doctoral degree in jurisprudence, and
1 On Mises’s life and contributions to economics and the philosophy of freedom,
see Richard M. E b e l i n g , A u s t rian Economics and the Political Economy of Freedom
(Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar, 2003), Ch. 3, “A Rational Economist in an
Irrational Age: Ludwig von Mises,” pp. 61–99; and Richard M. Ebeling, “Planning for
Freedom: Ludwig von Mises as Political Economist and Policy A n a l y s t ” in Richard M.
E b e l i n g , e d . , Competition or Compulsion: The Market Economy versus the New Social
Engineering (Hillsdale, Mich.: Hillsdale College Press, 2001), pp. 1–85; see also Murray
N. Rothbard, Ludwig von Mises: Scholar, Creator, Hero (Auburn, Ala.: Ludwig von Mises
I n s t i t u t e, 1 9 8 8 ) , and Israel M. K i r z n e r, L u dwig von Mises ( Wi l m i n g t o n , D e l . : ISI
Books, 2001).
ixECONOMIC BOOK 10/28/04 10:40 AM Page x
T H E F R E E M A R K E T A N D I T S E N E M I E S
a specialization in economics. After briefly working as a law clerk, he was
hired by the Vienna Chamber of Commerce, Crafts, and Industry in 1909,
and within a few years was promoted to the position of one of the
Chamber’s senior economic analysts.
Mises was soon recognized as one of the most insightful and pene-
trating minds in Austria. In 1912, he published The Theory of Money and
Credit, a book that was quickly hailed as a major work on monetary theory
and policy, in which he first presented what became known as the Austrian
Theory of the Business Cycle. Inflations and depressions were not inherent
within a free-market economy, Mises argued, but were caused by govern-
2ment mismanagement of the monetary and banking systems.
His scholarly work was interrupted in 1914, however,with the coming
of the First World War. For the next four years, Mises served as an officer
in the Austrian Army, most of that time on the eastern front against the
Russian Army. He was three times decorated for bravery under fire.After
Lenin and the Bolsheviks signed a separate peace with Imperial Germany
and Austria-Hungary in March 1918 that withdrew Russia from the war,
Mises was appointed the officer in charge of currency control in that part
of the Ukraine occupied by the Austrian Army under the terms of the
peace treaty, with his headquarters in the port city of Odessa on the Black
Sea. During the last several months of the war, before the armistice of
November 11, 1918, Mises was stationed in Vienna serving as an economic
analyst for the Austrian High Command.
After being mustered out of the army at the end of 1918, he returned
to his duties at the Vienna Chamber of Commerce, with the additional
responsibility, until 1920, of being in charge of a branch of the League of
Nations’ Reparations Commission overseeing the settlement of prewar
debt obligations.
In the years immediately following the war, Austria was in a state of
chaos.The old Austro-Hungarian Empire broke up, leaving a new, much
smaller Republic of Austria. Hyperinflation and aggressive trade barriers by
neighboring countries soon reduced much of the Austrian population to
near-starvation conditions. In addition, there were several attempts to
2 Ludwig von Mises, The Theory of Money and Credit (Indianapolis: Liberty Classics
[1912; revised eds., 1924, 1953] 1980); and also by Mises, “Monetary Stabilization and
Cyclical Policy” [1928] reprinted in Israel M. Kirzner, ed., Austrian Economics: A
Sampling in the History of a Tradition,Vol. 3: The Age of Mises and Hayek (London:William
Pickering, 1994), pp. 33–111.
x