TOPIC OUTLINING FOR AN ESSAY

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• cours magistral - matière potentielle : iii
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• cours - matière potentielle : activities ii
• exposé
• leçon - matière potentielle : second kind of escape
• leçon - matière potentielle : escape

TOPIC OUTLINING FOR AN ESSAY Even if you are the type that prefers to jumpr right in without planning, you should know how to write a topic outline. Read the essay below. Then look at the topic outline which follows. Peer Pressure We often hear about the dangers of peer pressure to teenagers. Teenagers take drugs, skip school, get drunk, or have sex because their friends do these things. However, there is another—perhaps equally bad— effect of peer pressure.

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Sujets

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• Escape
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Informations

• Publié par: tocam
• Nombre de lectures: 12
• Langue: English

Extrait

Total Laboratory Automation –
Overview and Lessons Learned
Tracey Boone, MT(ASCP)QLI
Multi-Species User Group Meeting
May 6, 2010Outline of Topics
• History of laboratory automation
• Why automate?
• Purported benefits of automation
• Are the benefits real?
• What is an automation system?
• How does an automation system work?
• Is automation right for my lab?
• Keys to implementation success
• Validation
• Lessons learned
2History of Laboratory Automation
• Automation of sample handling steps has been
available for ~25 years
• True automation systems are a relatively recent
development
• The first prototype was installed in Japan in the early
’90s
• A few large US hospital labs began utilizing in the late
’90s
• First intended for larger reference labs and health
systems
• Modular systems are available and can be scaled to
meet needs of smaller organizations
3What Pushed the Development of Automation?
• Increasing workload due to:
– aging population
– increases in chronic diseases
– outcomes management
• Decreasing reimbursement levels
• Decreasing margins
• Need to cut costs in clinical labs
• Difficulties in recruiting and retaining technical staff
4Purported Advantages of Laboratory Automation
• Reduction in staff
• Cost savings in a relatively short timeframe
• Improvement of TAT
• Better throughput (efficiency)
• Reduction of clerical errors
5Are the Benefits Real?
• Yes…and no…there have been no good long-term
studies that use a standard method of measuring
outcomes
• Staff reductions are generally achieved
• Cost savings are generally achieved
• Productivity is usually increased although it depends on
what is measured
• TAT can be reduced, with the right configuration
• Errors are likely reduced
6What is Laboratory Automation Anyway?
• A multi-disciplinary strategy to research, develop, optimize
and capitalize on technologies in the laboratory that
enable new and improved processes
• Not just robots and automated sample handling…
• …software, rules, algorithms are important too
7Components
8Hardware
• Track (conveyor system)
• Sample sorter or handlers
• Centrifuges
• Aliquoters
• De-cappers
• Analyzers
• Re-cappers
• Stockyard
• Water purification system
• Data – PCs, servers, monitors, middleware, printers
• Power supplies
• Air compressors
• Utilities – plumbing, air, water, data, analog, electricity
9Software
• Bidirectional interface with LIS
• Patient demographic storage
• Sample tracking and scheduling
• Reflexive testing
• Rules-based repeats for linearity
• Storage and retrieval of results
• QC analysis, storage, graphing
• Rules-based analysis of results
• Online help or remote diagnostics
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