Using
Popular
Media
to
 Teach
Economics


Arvind

Description

• cours magistral

6/28/10 1 Using
Popular
Media
to
Teach
Economics
 Jun
Sung
Kim()

Qilu
Yu()
Min‐wook
Kang()
 Outline
 •  Introduc䴨n
•  Method
– Movies
and
TV
shows
– Music
– Comics
•  Case
Study
•  Effec䵎eness
•  Discussion
and
Q/A
 Introduc䴨n 
 •  Icebreaker
–  Introduce
each
other
(name,
department)
 Introduc䴨n 
 •  How
many
of
you,
this
month,


– Q1:
watched
a
movie?
– Q2:
watched
a
movie
or
a
TV
show?
– Q3:
watched
a
movie,
a

TV
show
or
read
comics?
– Q4:
watched
a
movie
or
a
TV
show,
or
read
comics,
or
listened
to
pop
music?
 Students will be interested Introduc䴨n 
 •  Idea
–  If
we
use
popular
media
for
teaching,
students
would
be
be崯r
able
to
apply
economic
concepts
to
the
real
world.

• connec㌦n
to
real
life
 applica㌦n
of
content
to
new
situa㌦n
 ac㌬e
learning
 be䈣r
performance
 effec䵎eness

• applying
knowledge
into
project
 ac㌬e
learning
 cri㌥al
thinking
 be䈣r
performance
‐ a䈣ndance
rate
‐ 
final
exams
 resource
based
approach
 prior
knowledge
 interac㌦n

• the
 use
 of
 popular
 music
 to
 teach
 introductory
economics

Sujets

• Cours magistral
• Introduction
• Cartoon

Informations

• Publié par: orzi
• Nombre de lectures: 22
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

The Culture and Civilisation of Ancient India
in Historical Outline
D. D. Kosambi
Preface
1. THE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
1.1. The Indian Scene
1.2. The Modern Ruling Class
1.3. The Difficulties Facing the Historian
1.4. The Need to Study Rural and Tribal Society
1.5. The Villages
1.6. Recapitulation
2. PRIMITIVE LIFE AND PREHISTORY
2.1. The Golden Age
2.2. Prehistory and Primitive Life
2.3. Prehistoric Man in India
2.4. Primitive Survivals in the Means of Production
2.5. Primitive Survivals in the Superstructure
3. THE FIRST CITIES
3.1. The Discovery of the Indus Culture
3.2. Production in the Indus Culture
3.3. Special Features of the Indus Civilisation
3.4. The Social Structure
4. THE ARYANS
4.1. The Aryan Peoples
4.2. The Aryan Way of Life
4.3. Eastward Progress
4.4. Aryans after the Rigveda
4.5. The Urban Revival
4.6. The Epic Period
5. FROM TRIBE TO SOCIETY
5.1. The New Religions
5.2. The Middle Way
5.3. The Buddha and His Society
5.4. The Dark Hero of the Yadus
5.5. Kosala and Magadha
6. STATE AND RELIGION IN GREATER MAGADHA6.1. Completion of the Magadhan Conquest
6.2. Magadhan Statecraft
6.3. Administration of the Land
6.4. The State and Commodity Production
6.5. Asoka and the Culmination of the Magadhan Empire
7. TOWARDS FEUDALISM
7.1. The New Priesthood
7.2. The Evolution of Buddhism
7.3. Political and Economic Changes
7.4. Sanskrit Literature and Drama
Preface
IT is doubtless more important to change history than to write it, just as
it would be better to do something about the weather rather than merely
talk about it. In a free parliamentary democracy every citizen is supposed
to feel that he, personally is making history when he elects representatives
to do the talking and to tax him for the privilege. Some have now begun to
suspect that this may not suffice, that all history may terminate abruptly
with the atomic age unless a bit more is done soon.
Much that has been talked about India's glorious past, unhampered by
fact or common sense, is even more free than Indian elections. Discussion
eddies around obscure dates and deservedly obscure biographies of kings
and prophets. It seems to me that some something more might be achieved
in the way of charting the main currents of Indian history, notwithstanding
the lack of the kind of source material which, in other countries, would be
considered essential by the historian. That, at any rate, is what this book
attempts to do, with the minimum of scholarly display.
I am especially grateful to Mr. John Irwin for special advice in making
the book fit its avowed purpose, in choice of illustrations, and in seeing the
work through the press. To him and to Professor A. L. Basham, my
gratitude is also due for initiative in finding an English publisher. Mr.
Sunil Janah was kind enough to permit the inclusion of a few of his brilliant
photographs of Indian tribal and rural life, My thanks are due also to Miss
Margaret Hall for her painstaking revision of maps and drawings; and to
Mr. Semyon Tyulaev for tracing and photographing illustrative material
in the USSR.
Any claim this book may have to originality rests on fieldwork done as
a free agent. To those friends and pupils who have shown faith in my
methods and supported them with heart warming enthusiasm, I owe more
than can be expressed in a few lines.House 803, D. D. KOSAMBI
Poona 4, India,
July 31, 1964.
CHAPTER ONE
The Historical Perspective
1.1. The Indian Scene
A DISPASSIONATE observer who looks at India with detachment and
penetration would be struck by two mutually contradictory features:
diversity and unity at the same time.
The endless variety is striking, often incongruous. Costume, speech, the
physical appearance of the people, customs, standards of living, food,
climate, geographical features all offer the greatest possible differences.
Richer Indians may be dressed in full European style, or in costumes that
show Muslim influence, or in flowing and costly robes of many different
colourful Indian types. At the lower end of the social scale are other Indians
in rags, almost naked but for a small loincloth. There is no national language
or alphabet; a dozen languages and scripts appear on the ten-rupee
currency note. There is no Indian race. People with white skins and blue
eyes are as unmistakably Indian as others with black skins and dark eyes.
In between we find every other intermediate type, though the hair is
generally black. There is no typical Indian diet, but more rice, vegetables,
and spices are eaten than in Europe. The north Indian finds southern food
unpalatable, and conversely. Some people will not touch meat, fish, or
eggs; many would and do starve to death rather than eat beef, while
others observe no such restrictions. These dietary conventions are not
matters of taste but of religion. In climate also the country offers the full
range. Perpetual snows in the Himalayas, north European weather in
Kasmir, hot deserts in Rajasthan, basalt ridges and granite mountains on
the peninsula, tropical heat at the southern tip, dense forests in laterite soil
along the western scarp. A 2,000-mile-long coastline, the great Gangetic
river system in a wide and fertile alluvial basin, other great rivers of lesser
complexity, a few considerable lakes, the swamps of Cutch and Orissa,
complete the sub-continental picture.
Cultural differences between Indians even in the same province,
district, or city are as wide as the physical differences between the various
parts of the country. Modern India produced an outstanding figure of
world literature in Tagore. Within easy reach of Tagore's final residencemay be found Santals and other illiterate primitive peoples still unaware of
Tagore's existence. Some of them are hardly out of the food-gathering
stage. An imposing modern city building such as a bank, government
office, factory, or scientific institute may have been designed by some
European architect or by his Indian pupil. The wretched workmen who
actually built it generally use the crudest tools. Their payment might be
made in a lump sum to a foreman who happens to be the chief of their small
guild and the head of their clan at the same time. Certainly these workmen
can rarely grasp the nature of the work done by the people for whom the
structures were erected. Finance, bureaucratic administration, complicated
machine production in a factory, and die very idea of science are beyond
the mental reach of human beings who have lived in misery on the margin
of over cultivated lands or in the forest. Most of them have been driven by
famine conditions in the jungle to become the cheapest form of drudge
labour in the city.
Yet in spite of this apparent diversity, there is a double unity. At die
top there are certain common features due to the ruling class. The class is
the Indian bourgeoisie, divided by language, regional history, and so on,
but nevertheless grouped by similarity of interests into two sections.
Finance and mechanised factory production are in the hands of the real
capitalist bourgeoisie. Distribution of the product is dominated primarily
by the petty-bourgeois class of shopkeepers, formidable by reason of their
large number. Food production is overwhelmingly on small plots. The
necessity of paying cash for taxes and factory goods forces the peasant
into a reluctant and rather backward wing of the petty-bourgeoisie. The
normal agrarian surplus is also in the hands of middlemen and money-
lenders who do not generally rise into the big bourgeoisie. The division
between the richest peasants and moneylenders is not sharp. There are
cash crops like tea, coffee, cotton, tobacco, jute, cashew, peanuts, sugarcane,
coconuts and others tied to the international market or to factory
production. These are sometimes cultivated by modern capitalist owners
by mechanised techniques on large plots of land. High finance, often
foreign, determines their prices and skims off the main profit. On the other
hand, a considerable volume of consumer goods, especially utensils and textiles,
is still produced by handicraft methods and has survived competition with factory
production. The political scene is dominated entirely by
these two sections of the bourgeoisie, with a class of professional (lawyers,
etc.) and clerical workers as the connecting link with the legislatures and
the machinery of administration.
We must note that, for historical reasons, the government is also the
greatest single entrepreneur in India. Its assets as a large capitalist equal
those of all private Indian capitalists together, though concentrated in
particular types of investments. Railways, air services, posts and telegraphs,
radio and telephone, some banks, life insurance, and defenceindustries are entirely in the hands of the state, as to some extent are the
production of electricity and coal. Oil wells are state owned. The major oil
refineries are still in the hands of foreign companies, though state refineries
will soon be in full production. Steel was mostly in private ownership, but
the state has begun its own large-scale iron and steel produ