Zhouyi cantong qi: A Gallery of Editions
9 pages
English

Zhouyi cantong qi: A Gallery of Editions

Le téléchargement nécessite un accès à la bibliothèque YouScribe
Tout savoir sur nos offres
9 pages
English
Le téléchargement nécessite un accès à la bibliothèque YouScribe
Tout savoir sur nos offres

Description

  • exposé
Zhouyi cantong qi 周易參同契 (The Seal of the Unity of the Three, in Accordance with the Book of Changes) A Gallery of Editions Compiled by Fabrizio Pregadio 2011
  • taoist
  • zhu
  • extant exegesis of the cantong
  • zhouyi cantong
  • anonymous waidan commentary
  • layout of the 1538 edition
  • incidental references to waidan practices
  • commentary
  • tion
  • text

Sujets

Informations

Publié par
Nombre de lectures 30
Langue English

Extrait

LGdM2 BM]dMYHMb ’,´ ’110
CULLIF-PCAFEAC-GHILAEI ´GHIFLE-EHPHG-HAEEIF-CfeeKaG pP9aE 9PGbcKeJSd
´
CeddR[O ]UG[M YMdP“Lc GbM MhGId GUO“bRdPYc N“bKaeEGEc pcbGc9SSKaG pcb:PESd. CPMi PGfM ]b“fM[ d“ HM fMbi ecMNeU I“Y]edGdR“[GUUi R[ dPM UGcd NMg iMGbc´ Mc]MIRGUUi gPM[ I“YHR[ML gRdP G NgMcOUMcPNdlcPMaTdgiiUbR[ GNgMcOU McP OliNbGYMg“bT. CPMcM YMdP“Lc g“bT Hi c“UfR[O G cMaeM[IM “N UR[MGb ]b“ObGYYR[O bMUGh” GdR“[c “N dPM R[dMOMb ]b“ObGYYR[O ]b“HUMY. CPM bMUGhGdR“[c GbM ObGLeGUUi RY]b“fML d“ ORfM HMd” dMb G]]b“hRYGdR“[c d“ dPM R[dMOMb ]b“ObGYYR[O ]b“HUMY´ Gd UMGcd R[ dPM [MROPH“bP““L “N dPM “]” dRYGU c“UedR“[. 6“b PGbL R[cdG[IMc dPGd IG[[“d HM c“UfML d“ “]dRYGURdi´ IeddR[O ]UG[M GUO“bRdPYc IG[ ]b“LeIM G]]b“hRYGdR“[c d“ dPM “]dRYGU c“Ue” dR“[ R[ Y“LMbGdM I“Y]edGdR“[ dRYMc´ gRdP OeGb” G[dMMc “[ dPM LRcdG[IM d“ “]dRYGURdi.
CeddR[O ]UG[M GUO“bRdPYc PGfM HMM[ ecML d“ cUfMYG[iLR MbM[dR[dMOMb]bObGYYR[O]bHUMYc´ R[IUeLR[O dPMec9gEPKaG d9PEdS9a pcb:fi PESE’-´ )+´ ’]´ dPMPKaE9c bcCEcKaG]b“HUMY E’.´ )%´)]´S9iKSfS Afe]b“HUMYc E+´ ’%´ (.]´ G[L p9AMKaG]b“HUMYc E’1´ )(.]B. J¨ dSJeWEe 9P.E()] I“[dGR[c G cebfMi “N G]]URIGdR“[c “N IeddR[O ]UG[M YMdP“Lc´ Gc gMUU Gc G OeRLM d“ dPM ceIIMccNeU RY” ]UMYM[dGdR“[ “N G IeddR[O ]UG[M GUO“bRdPY. CPM H““T E))] HidGaeWeRLa.A.NG[LA. WVNaee ]b“fRLMc G[ MhIMUUM[d G[L LMdGRUML LMcIbR]dR“[ “N IeddR[O ]UG[M GUO“bRdPYc G[L dPM “dPMb YGdMbRGU R[ dPRc M[dbi´ Gc gMUU Gc “dPMb Gc]MIdc “N R[dMOMb ]b“ObGYYR[O. CPM H““T E),] HieWjvWMELS.´ G[L GUc“ dPM Y“bM bMIM[d GbdRIUM E)-] GbM MhIMUUM[d c“ebIMc “N GLLRdR“[GU YGdMbRGU. RbfMOMdpdcOdHaaRbOpdcIZMae 8f7d9h 7dB 8eudB 7bPefihhc 8f7d9h 7dB 9uh fdHhMZRbO eHZMeaHb pdcIZMa ZRbMHd cdLMdRbO aHjRaga Jgf pHJTRbO C. J¨ dVLeW G.B.eNSMadaeW B. WoRaee .ASGMWNevjW D..EoGSoWe ZRbMHdpdcOdHaaRbOdMZHjHfRcb BP dMZHjHfRcb
UM2
RMcEL
CeddR[O ]UG[M GUO“bRdPYc N“b OM[MbGU R[dMOMb ]b“ObGYYR[O ]b“HUMYc gMbM bcd ]b“]“cML Hi C.E.GVRVWeR[ E’)´ ’+.] U[N“bde[GdMUi´ dPM Ied” dR[O ]UG[Mc ]b“]“cML Hi 7“Y“bi LRL [“d G]” ]MGb d“ HM fMbi cdb“[O´ UMGLR[O d“ cU“g I“[fMb” OM[IM “N dPMcM GUO“bRdPYc´ c“ dPM GUO“bRdPYc gMbM [MOUMIdML N“b YG[i iMGbc. CPM LMfMU“]YM[d “N ]“UiPMLbGU dPM“bi G[L dPM I“[cMaeM[d R[db“LeI” dR[Ncdb[O´]bHUMYc]MIR IIeddR[O]UG[Mc UML d“ G bMcebOM[IM “N IeddR[O ]UG[M YMdP“Lc R[ dPM MROPdRMc´ G[L IeddR[O ]UG[M YMdP“Lc GbM [“g dPM YMdP“L “N IP“RIM N“b G fGbRMdi “N ]b“HUMYc´ R[IUeLR[O dPM dbGfMUR[O cGUMcYG[ ]b“HUMY. AM” IM[dUi´ dPMbM PGc GUc“ HMM[ c“YM bMcMGbIP cP“g” R[O dPGd dPM “bROR[GU IeddR[O ]UG[Mc ]b“]“cML Hi 7“Y“bi IG[ GIdeGUUi HM ecMNeU. CPMbM PGc GUc“ HMM[ bMcMGbIP “[ “dPMb di]Mc “N IeddR[O ]UG[Mc N“b OM[MbGU R[dMOMb ]b“ObGYYR[O ]b“HUMYc. Ceb” bM[d bMcMGbIP Rc N“IecML “[ LMfMU“]R[O IeddR[O ]UG[M GUO“bRdPYc N“b G fGbRMdi “N PGbL I“YHR” [GdbRGU]dRYRzGdR[]bHUMYc´G[L[cUfR[O UGbOM R[cdG[IMc “N R[dMOMb ]b“ObGYYR[O ]b“HUMYc ecR[O dPMcM YMdP“Lc. 3UU “N dPMcM RcceMc GbM LRc” IeccML HMU“g. A hibeaR RmMbeaR. C“[cRLMb´ N“b MhGY]UM´ dPM R[dMOMb ]b“ObGY” YR[O ]b“HUMY YR[(x(x) c.d.x(ffi (x). (x(x)) x(, x)%,R[dMOMb. CPRc]bHUMYRcRUUecdbGdMLR[dPM OebM.CPM NMGcRHUM R[dMOMb ]“R[dc GbM R[LRIGdML. CPMPKafi E9c pcbGc9SSKaG cEP9i9eKbafi“b1P cEP9i9eKba) Rc “HdGR[ML Hi RO[“bR[O dPM R[dMObGURdi bMcdbRI” dR“[c; dPRc Rc ORfM[ Hi dPM ]“UiPMLb“[ I“[dGR[ML
UM2
RMcEL
LGdM2 BM]dMYHMb ’,´ ’110
R[ dPM c“URL UR[Mc. CPM H“e[LGbi “N dPMAbagEi JfPP“N dPM NMGcRHUM R[dMOMb ]“R[dc Rc R[LRIGdML Hi LGcPML UR[Mc. IN G IeddR[O ]UG[M GUO“bRdPY gMbM ecML d“ c“UfM dPRc ]b“HUMY´ dPM UR[MGb ]b“ObGYYR[O bMUGhGdR“[ g“eUL bcd HM c“UfML´ ORfR[O dPM ]“R[dx(= (.x)= (.(´ gPRIP PGc fGUeM..+. CPM R[MaeGURdRMc x(x)+ G[Lx(( GbM cGdRc ML Hi GUU dPM NMGcRHUM R[dMOMb ]“R[dc Hed dPMi GbM fR“UGdML Hi dPM ]“R[d fi(.-,(.eGURdRMcMdgR[MaeP´cPdcM)(C. GbM fGURLAfeeKaG pP9aEd. CPMcM dg“ I“[cdbGR[dc IG[ dPM[ HM GLLML d“ dPM bMUGhGdR“[´ G[L gPM[ dPM bMUGhGdR“[ Rc c“UfML GOGR[´ dPM ]“R[dx(= (´ x)= ( bMceUdc´ gRdP fGUeM-. ;“dRIM dPGd dPRc ]“R[d Rc NMGcRHUM R[ dPM “bROR[GU R[dMOMb ]b“ObGY´ c“ Rd Yecd GIdeGUUi HM “]dRYGU N“b dPGd ]b“HUMY´ cR[IM Rd Rc “]dRYGU N“b G bMUGhGdR“[ “N dPM R[dMOMb ]b“ObGY.
x) )♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣❍ ✁ ❍ ❆ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣❅ ❍ ❍ ❆ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣❍ ✁ ❍ ❆ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣❅ ❍ ❍❆ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣❍✁ ❆❍ t ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣t ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣❅ ✁ (♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣t ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣t ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣✁ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ✁ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣ ♣t t ✁ % ’ (x( A AfeeKaG pP9aE Ei9SpPE
IN´R[cdMGLNGLLR[OHdPR[MaeGURdRMc´SecddPM R[MaeGURdix(( PGL HMM[ GLLML´ dPM “]dRYGU c“UedR“[ d“ dPM [Mg bMUGhGdR“[ g“eUL PGfM HMM[ x(= (´x)= (.,´ gRdP fGUeM-.,. CPM bMUGh” GdR“[ I“eUL dPM[ PGfM HMM[ Y“LR ML Hi GLLR[O G IeddR[O ]UG[M dPGddEp9c9eEddPRc ]“R[d Nb“Y JcbhMj PgZZ JgffRbO pZHbMe eMpHdHfMeZHdpbMObRfMpkPMeHdHp fcfHZZk gbRacLgZHd
(
dPM I“[fMh PeUU´ N“b MhGY]UMx(x)+. B“Uf” R[O dPRc [Mg bMUGhGdR“[ gRUU GOGR[ bMceUd R[ dPM “]dRYGU c“UedR“[ d“ dPM R[dMOMb ]b“ObGY. CPRc RU” UecdbGdMc dPM HGcRI cdbeIdebM “N G IeddR[O ]UG[M GUO“bRdPY2
B“UfM dPM UR[MGb ]b“ObGYYR[O bMUGhGdR“[. dPdbMUMhGdGRR[cNMGcRIPMNdUec[dR HUM R[ dPM R[dMOMb ]b“ObGYYR[O ]b“HUMY´ BC=P gRdP “]dRYGURdi. =dPMbgRcM´ [L “[M “b Y“bM IeddR[O ]UG[Mc dPGd cM]GbGdM dPM “]dRYGU c“UedR“[ d“ dPM bMUGhGdR“[ Nb“Y dPM I“[fMh PeUU “N NMGcRHUM R[dMObGU ]“R[dc´ G[L GLL G ceHcMd “N dPMcM I“[cdbGR[dc d“ dPM bMUGhGdR“[. AMdeb[ d“ dPM bcd cdM].
Ci]RIGUUi´ dPM bcd bMUGhGdR“[ Rc c“UfML ecR[O dPM ]bRYGU cRY]UMh GUO“bRdPY. 3NdMb dPM GLLRdR“[ “N IeddR[O ]UG[Mc´ dPM IebbM[d ]bRYGU RdMbGdM Rc [“ U“[OMb NMGcRHUM. 8“gMfMb´ dPM LeGU ]b“HUMY Rc “[Ui Y“LR ML Hi dPM GLLRdR“[ “N c“YM fGbRGHUMc. IN dPMcM MhdbG LeGU fGbRGHUMc GbM ORfM[ dPM fGUeM % dPM[ dPM IebbM[d LeGU c“UedR“[ Rc cdRUU LeGU NMGcR” HUM. CPMbMN“bM´ ceHcMaeM[d bMUGhGdR“[c GbM c“UfML ecR[O dPM LeGU cRY]UMh YMdP“L. ;“dRIM dPGd dPM fGUeMc “N dPM bMUGhGdR“[c ]b“” fRLM U“gMb H“e[Lc “[ dPM “]dRYGU fGUeM “N dPM R[” dMOMb ]b“ObGY. CPMcM U“gMb H“e[Lc IG[ HM ecML d“ YMGcebM ]b“ObMcc d“gGbLc “]dRYGURdi´ G[L d“ ORfM ]MbN“bYG[IM OeGbG[dMMc “[ R[dMObGU c“Ue” dR“[c. LdiMaanlcibdPlaMgbMigiORh. T C“[cRLMb dPM R[dMOMb ]b“ObGY YR[{c x2 Ax=b,%xu, xR[dMOMb}´ gPMbMARc G[ m×nYGdbRh´c´x´ G[LuGbMn”fMId“bc´ G[LbRc G[m”fMId“b. 3 IeddR[O ]UG[M YMdP“L GddMY]dc dbM [MGUR[MGb]bObGYYR[ObMUGhGdR[e[dRU Rd ORfMc G O““L G]]b“hRYGdR“[ “N dPM I“[fMh PeUU “N NMGcRHUM R[dMOMb ]“R[dc´ Gd UMGcd R[ dPM bMOR“[ “N dPM]dRYGUcUedR[.I[cYMcMddR[Oc´dPMcUedR“[ d“ dPM R[RdRGU UR[MGb ]b“ObGYYR[O bMUGhGdR“[ T YR[{c x2Ax=b,%xu}YGi ORfM dPM “]” dRYGU c“UedR“[ d“ dPM R[dMOMb ]b“ObGY. CPRc Rc OeGbG[dMML d“ PG]]M[ RN dPM I“[cdbGR[d YGdbRh
)
LGdM2 BM]dMYHMb ’,´ ’110
ARcebe9PPy faKSbCfP9c´ dPGd Rc´ dPM LMdMbYR” [G[d “N MfMbi caeGbM ceHYGdbRh “NARc MRdPMb % “b±’. 5hGY]UMc “N d“dGUUi e[RY“LeUGb YGdbRIMc R[IUeLM dPM [“LM”GbI R[IRLM[IM YGdbRh “N G LR” bMIdML ObG]P´ dPM [“LM”MLOM R[IRLM[IM YGdbRh “N G HR]GbdRdM e[LRbMIdML ObG]P´ G[L R[dMbfGU YGdbR” IMc figPMbM MGIP b“g “NAI“[cRcdc “N G ]“ccRHUi MY]di cMd “N zMb“Mc N“UU“gML Hi G cMd “N “[Mc N“U” U“gML Hi G[“dPMb ]“ccRHUi MY]di cMd “N zMb“Mc.) Id dPMbMN“bM ceIMc d“ c“UfM dPM UR[MGb ]b“ObGY” YR[O bMUGhGdR“[ “NS9iKSfS flbh pcb:PESdG[L dJbceEde p9eJ]b“HUMYc “[ LRbMIdML ObG]Pc´ dPM 9ddKGaSEae pcb:PES´ G[L c“YM ]b“HUMYc dPGd R[” f“UfM GccRO[R[O g“bTMbc d“ cPRNdc´ GY“[O “dPMbc. CUvMiMa--dbdgnOliiicTeaMcRh. =[M YMdP“L “N OM[MbGdR[O IeddR[O ]UG[Mc R[” f“UfMc I“YHR[R[O d“OMdPMb R[MaeGURdRMc Nb“Y dPM IebbM[d LMcIbR]dR“[ “N dPM UR[MGb ]b“ObGYYR[O bMUGhGdR“[. CPRc ]b“IMcc Rc T[“g[ GcKaeEGEc cbfaCKaG´ G[L dPM IeddR[O ]UG[Mc OM[MbGdML GbM T[“g[ Gc9ePbGbSCgJ9daEP9GpKaeeAfcy. I[dM” OMb b“e[LR[O gGc RY]URIRdUi LMcIbRHML Hi.C.E GVRVWeR[ E’)´ ’+]´ G[L LMcIbRHML Mh]URIRdUi Hi D.1LvacaNR[ E.]. C“[cRLMb GOGR[ dPM MhGY]UM ]b“HUMY ORfM[ MGbURMb. CPM bcd cdM] Rc d“ dGTM G gMROPdML I“Y” HR[GdR“[ “N dPM R[MaeGURdRMc. 6“b MhGY]UM´ %.(fix(ffi (x).) ffi %.+fi(x(x))) ORfMc dPM fGURL R[MaeGURdi N“b dPM bMUGhGdR“[2 x((.-. I[ G[i NMGcRHUM c“UedR“[ d“ dPM R[dMOMb ]b“ObGY” YR[O ]b“HUMY´ dPM UMNd PG[L cRLM “N dPRc R[MaeGU” Rdi Yecd dGTM G[ R[dMOMb fGUeM. CPMbMN“bM´ dPM bROPd PG[L cRLM IG[ HM b“e[LML L“g[ d“ ORfM dPM N“UU“gR[O fGURL R[MaeGURdi N“b dPM R[dMOMb ]b“” ObGYYR[O ]b“HUMY2 x((. CPRc]bIMccIG[HMYLR MLdOM[MbGdMGLLRdR“[GU R[MaeGURdRMc. 6“b MhGY]UM´ dGTR[O dPM I“Y” HR[GdR“[ %.,fix(ffi (x).) ffi %fi(x(x))) aHjRaga flci pdcIZMae ePcdfMefpHfP HeeRObaMbf pdcIZMa RbfMOMd dcgbLRbO ,PhHfHZ-9cacdkJgffRbOpZHbMe DE. GoSoWe E..Mv acaR
UM2
RMcEL
ORfMc %.,x(x)).,,gPRIP Rc fGURL N“b dPM bM” UGhGdR“[. BR[IM GUU dPM fGbRGHUMc GbM I“[cdbGR[ML d“ HM [“[[MOGdRfM´ b“e[LR[O L“g[ dPM UMNd PG[L cRLM “N dPRc R[MaeGURdi gRUU “[Ui gMGTM[ Rd´ ORf” R[Ox)).,,GUc“ fGURL N“b dPM 9P bMUGhGdR“[. ;“g b“e[LR[O L“g[ dPM bROPd PG[L cRLM ORfMc x)),gPRIP Rc fGURL N“b dPM R[dMOMb ]b“ObGY” YR[O ]b“HUMY´ MfM[ dP“eOP Rd Rc [“d fGURL N“b dPM 9P bMUGhGdR“[. 7“Y“bi “bROR[GUUi LMbRfML I“[cdbGR[dc ecR[O dPM “]dRYGU cRY]UMh dGHUMGe. CPM 9P bMUGhGdR“[ “N dPM cRY]UM MhGY]UM GH“fM IG[ HM Mh]bMccML R[ MaeGURdi N“bY Gc2 YR[(x(x) c.d.x(ffi (x)x1= . (x(x)x4= ) xi%, i= ’, . . . ,+. ;“dRIM dPGd RNx(G[Lx)dGTM R[dMObGU fGUeMc dPM[ c“ Yecdx1G[Lx4. B“UfR[O dPRc 9P ecR[O dPM cRY]UMh GUO“bRdPY ORfMc dPM “]dRYGU dGHUMGe ..+ % % %.0 %.-(.( % ’ %.+ ”%.( (.- ’ % %.( %.-CPM b“gc “N dPM dGHUMGe GbM UR[MGb I“YHR[G” dR“[c “N dPM “bROR[GU “HSMIdRfM Ne[IdR“[ G[L I“[” cdbGR[dc´ G[L IeddR[O ]UG[Mc IG[ HM OM[MbGdML ecR[O dPMY. CPM “HSMIdRfM Ne[IdR“[ b“g RY]URMc dPGd %.0x1ffi %.-x4%.+ R[ G[i R[dMObGU NMGcRHUM c“UedR“[. Id IG[ HM cMM[ dPGd dPRc Rc MaeRfGUM[d d“ bMaeRbR[O dPGd (x(x).´ Hi ceHcdRded” R[O N“bx1G[Lx4Nb“Y dPM MaeGURdi N“bY ORfM[ GHfM.IdRcGUc]ccRHUMdOM[MbGdMI[cdbGR[dc Nb“Y dPM “dPMb b“gc “N dPM dGHUMGe. 6“b MhGY]UM´ dPM bcd I“[cdbGR[d b“g “N dPM dGHUMGe Rc MaeRf” GUM[d d“ dPM MaeGURdi (.( =x)ffi %.+x1%.(x4. CPM NbGIdR“[GU ]Gbd “N dPM bROPd PG[L cRLM “N dPRc MaeGdR“[ Rc %.+x1ffi %.0x4. CPRc Yecd HM Gd UMGcd Gc UGbOM Gc dPM NbGIdR“[GU ]Gbd “N dPM UMNd PG[L cRLM R[ G[i NMGcRHUM R[dMObGU c“UedR“[´ ORfR[O dPM fGURL IeddR[O ]UG[M %.+x1ffi %.0x4%.(´ gPRIP Rc MaeRfGUM[d d“x((.,. BRYRUGbUi´ dPM [GU
UM2
RMcEL
LGdM2 BM]dMYHMb ’,´ ’110
b“g “N dPM dGHUMGe IG[ HM ecML d“ OM[MbGdM dPM I“[cdbGR[d %.(x1ffi %.-x4%.-´ “b MaeRfGUM[dUi .x(x)’). I[ ]bGIdRIM´ dPM Ied GLLML d“ dPM dGHUMGe cP“eUL HM Mh]bMccML R[ dPM [“[HGcRI fGbRGHUMc´ PMbMx1G[Lx4´ cR[IM dPM dGHUMGe gRUU dPM[ HM R[ cdG[LGbL N“bY N“b dPM LeGU cRY]UMh GUO“bRdPY. GbSbcy'dAfeeKaGpP9aE9PGbcKeJSc“UfMc G[ R[dMOMb ]b“ObGY Hi c“UfR[O dPM 9P bMUGhGdR“[ d“ “]dRYGURdi´ OM[MbGdR[O G IeddR[O ]UG[M Nb“Y G b“g “N dPM dGHUMGe RN [MIMccGbi´ GLLR[O dPRc GLLRdR“[GU I“[cdbGR[d d“ dPM bMUGhGdR“[´ c“UfR[O dPM [Mg bMUGhGdR“[´ G[L bM]MGdR[O e[dRU dPM c“” UedR[ddPMbMUGhGdR[RcR[dMObGU.IdgGccPg[ R[ E’+] dPGd RN G IeddR[O ]UG[M Rc GUgGic OM[Mb” GdMLNbYdPM bcd]ccRHUMbgdPM[7Ybic IeddR[O ]UG[M GUO“bRdPY gRUU c“UfM G[ R[dMOMb ]b“” ObGYR[G [RdM[eYHMbNRdMbGdR[c. U[N“bde[GdMUi´ dPRc [RdM I“[fMbOM[IM G]]MGbc d“ HM cU“g. 8“gMfMb´ Rd gGc cP“g[ R[ E)´ -] dPGd 7“Y“biffc IeddR[O ]UG[M GUO“bRdPY IG[ HM YGLM I“Y]MdRdRfM gRdP “dPMb YMdP“Lc RN IMbdGR[ dMIP” [RaeMcGbMecML´ceIPGcGLLR[OYG[iCPfGdGU7“Y“bi Iedc Gd “[IM. Id N“UU“gc Nb“Y dPM [RdM I“[fMbOM[IM “N 7“” Y“biffc IeddR[O ]UG[M GUO“bRdPY dPGd MfMbi fGURL R[MaeGURdi N“b dPM I“[fMh PeUU “N NMGcRHUM R[dMObGU ]“R[dc Rc MRdPMb OM[MbGdML Hi bM]MGdML G]]URIG” dR“[ “N R[dMOMb b“e[LR[O “b Rc L“YR[GdML Hi G[ R[MaeGURdi OM[MbGdML R[ ceIP G gGi. CPMbM GbM YG[iLR MbM[dgGicdOM[MbGdMGORfM[R[MaeGURdi ecR[O R[dMOMb b“e[LR[O. CPM9JgPce9M9aC“N G fGURL R[MaeGURdi Rc dPM YR[RYeY [eYHMb “N ceIIMccRfM G]]URIGdR“[c “N dPM R[dMOMb b“e[LR[O ]b“IMLebM dPGd GbM [MMLML R[ “bLMb d“ OM[MbGdM dPM R[MaeGURdi; Rd cP“eUL HM [“dML dPGd G bG[T ( R[MaeGURdi IG[ HM OM[MbGdML Hi G]]UiR[O dPM R[dMOMb b“e[LR[O ]b“IMLebM d“ G UGbOM [eYHMb “N bG[T ’ G[L bG[T % R[MaeGURdRMc´ N“b MhGY]UM. Id gGc cP“g[ R[ E(0] dPGd 7“Y“bi IeddR[O ]UG[Mc IG[ HM OM[MbGdML MfM[ gPM[ G[ R[dMbR“b ]“R[d YMdP“L Rc ecML d“ c“UfM dPM 9P bMUGhGdR“[c´ 9cacdk'e JgffRbO pZHbM HZOcdRfPa ,PhHfHZ dHbT pcZkPMLdHZ JcaIRbHfcdRJe NHJMfe PNC-ecpbChC efdcbO JgffRbO pZHbM GMpHdHfRcb dcgfRbMe
+
HMIGecM YeIP “N dPM R[N“bYGdR“[ R[ dPM cRY]UMh dGHUMGe IG[ cdRUU HM “HdGR[ML MGcRUi. IigdcT OliiicT eaMcRh Sgdb edanURPgMa iURdgn. CPM bMcebOM[IM “N R[dMbMcd R[ IeddR[O ]UG[M GU” O“bRdPYc R[ dPM ’10%ffc gGc LeM d“ dPM LMfMU“]” YM[d “NpbPyJECc9P AbS:Ka9ebcKAdG[L dPM I“[” cMaeM[d RY]UMYM[dGdR“[ “N IeddR[O ]UG[M GUO“” bRdPYc dPGd ecMLF9AEed“N dPM I“[fMh PeUU “N R[” dMObGU NMGcRHUM ]“R[dc Gc Iedc. 3 NGIMd Rc G NGIM “N G ]“Uid“]M dPGd PGc LRYM[cR“[ “[M UMcc dPG[ dPM LRYM[cR“[ “N dPM ]“Uid“]M. 5aeRfGUM[dUi´ d“ PGfM G I“Y]UMdM UR[MGb R[MaeGURdi LMcIbR]dR“[ “N dPM ]“Uid“]M´ Rd Rc [MIMccGbi d“ PGfM G[ R[MaeGU” Rdi dPGd bM]bMcM[dc MGIP NGIMd. I[ dPM MhGY]UM GH“fM´ dPM I“[fMh PeUU “N dPM cMd “N NMGcRHUM R[dMOMb ]“R[dc PGc LRYM[cR“[ (´ G[L GUU “N dPM LGcPML UR[Mc bM]bMcM[d NGIMdc. CPM fGURL R[MaeGURdix(ffi (x). bM]bMcM[dc G NGIM “N dPM I“[fMh PeUU “N LRYM[cR“[ %´ [GYMUi dPM ]“R[d fi’,.)) IN G I“Y]UMdM LMcIbR]dR“[ “N dPM I“[fMh PeUU “N dPM cMd “N R[dMOMb NMGcRHUM ]“R[dc Rc T[“g[´ dPM[ dPM R[dMOMb ]b“HUMY IG[ HM c“UfML Gc G UR[MGb ]b“” ObGYYR[O]bHUMYHiYR[RYRzR[OdPMHSMIdRfM Ne[IdR“[ “fMb dPRc I“[fMh PeUU. U[N“bde[GdMUi´ Rd Rc [“d MGci d“ OMd ceIP G LMcIbR]dR“[. I[ NGId´ N“b G[F-PCdbeaRiRMLGYEUMH]bIPce]´( cIbR]dR“[ Yecd I“[dGR[ G[ Mh]“[M[dRGU [eYHMb “N NGIMdc´ e[UMcc =P;. P CPM ]G]Mb E()] I“[dGR[c G cebfMi “N ]b“HUMYc dPGd PGfM HMM[ c“UfML ecR[OdecbaG AfeeKaG pP9aE GUObRdPYc.Ci]RIGUUiR[dPMcMGUObRdPYc´ bcdG ]GbdRGU ]“UiPMLbGU LMcIbR]dR“[ “N dPM I“[fMh PeUU “N dPM cMd “N R[dMOMb NMGcRHUM ]“R[dc Rc LMdMbYR[ML. CPRc LMcIbR]dR“[ gRUU eceGUUi I“[dGR[ NGYRURMc “N NGIMdc “N IMbdGR[ di]Mc.EaKefbcabKe9c9pESdN“b dPMcM NGYRURMc IG[ “NdM[ HM LMfMU“]ML; ceIP G b“edR[M gRUU dGTM Gc R[]ed G ]“R[d fiN“b MhGY]UM´ dPM “]dRYGU c“UedR“[ d“ dPM 9P bMUGhGdR“[)´ G[L bMdeb[ Gc “ed]ed fR“UGdML I“[cdbGR[dc Nb“Y dPM NGYRUi´ RN G[i MhRcd.
,
LGdM2 BM]dMYHMb ’,´ ’110
CPM]bddi]RIGUIYHR[GdbRGU]dRYRzGdR[ ]b“HUMY dPGd PGc HMM[ ceIIMccNeUUi GddGITML ec” R[O IeddR[O ]UG[M YMdP“Lc Rc dPMec9gEPKaG d9PEdfi S9a pcb:PESUMY´]bHNIRGcMdcRcMRdPdcR.[I ]b“fRLML GU“[O gRdP LRcdG[IMc HMdgMM[ dPM IRdRMc. 3 b“edM dPGd fRcRdc MGIP IRdi MhGIdUi “[IM G[L bM” deb[c d“ dPM “bROR[GU IRdi Rc IGUUML Gebfc. Id Rc LMcRbML d“ IP““cM dPM cP“bdMcd d“eb. CPRc ]b“H” UMY PGc YG[i G]]URIGdR“[c´ R[IUeLR[O ]bR[dML IRbIeRdHGbLCP4)]bLeIdR[2GCP4[MMLc P“UMc LbRUUML R[ IMbdGR[ ]UGIMc d“ P“UL MUMIdb“[RI I“Y]“[M[dc ceIP Gc bMcRcd“bc´ LR“LMc´ G[L R[dM” ObGdML IRbIeRdc. CPMcM P“UMc IG[ HM bMOGbLML Gc dPMIRdRMc´G[LdPMHSMIdRfMRcdYR[RYRzMdPM d“dGU LRcdG[IM dbGfMUML Hi dPM LbRUU. CPM dbGfMUR[O cGUMcYG[ ]b“HUMY IG[ HM bM]” bMcM[dML “[ G ObG]P´G= fiV, E)´ gPMbMVRc dPM cMd “N fMbdRIMc fi“b IRdRMc) G[LERc dPM cMd “N MLOMc fi“b UR[Tc HMdgMM[ dPM IRdRMc.) 5GIP MLOM eEPGc G[ Gcc“IRGdML I“cd fi“b UM[OdP)ce. IN dPM R[IRLM[IM fMId“bxRc LM [ML Hi ’ RN MLOMeRc ecML xe= % “dPMbgRcM
dPM[ dPM dbGfMUR[O cGUMcYG[ ]b“HUMY P IG[ HM N“bYeUGdML Gc YR[{cexe2 xRc dPM R[IRLM[IM fMId“b “N G d“eb}. ;“dRIM dPGd N“b G d“eb´ Gd MGIP fMbdMh dPM ceY “N dPM MLOM fGbRGHUMc Yecd HM dg“; dPRc Rc IGUUML G LMObMM I“[cdbGR[d. CPRc UMGLc d“ dPM bMUGhGdR“[ “N dPM dbGfMUR[O cGUMcYG[ ]b“HUMY2 P YR[cexe P c.d. N“b GUU fMbdRIMcv eδ(v)xe= ( xe= % “b ’ N“b GUU MLOMce.
8MbM´δv) LM[“dMc dPM cMd “N GUU MLOMc R[IRLM[d d“ fMbdMhv. 3UU d“ebc GbM NMGcRHUM R[ dPRc N“b” YeUGdR“[´ Hed Rd GUc“ GUU“gc R[NMGcRHUM c“UedR“[c I“bbMc]“[LR[O d“df:ebfcd´ I“[cRcdR[O “N cMfMbGU LRcdR[Id e[I“[[MIdML U““]c. C“ N“bIM dPM c“UedR“[ d“ HM G d“eb´ Rd Rc [MIMccGbi d“ R[IUeLMdf:ebfc EPKSKa9eKba Abadec9Kaed“N dPM N“bY X xe( eδ(U) fdHhMZRbO eHZMeaHb pdcIZMa egIfcgd MZRaRbHfRcb JcbefdHRbfe G´. AaVczNL J.EJSoVJa
UM2
RMcEL
N“b MfMbi ceHcMdUVgRdP IGbLR[GURdi (|U| ≤ |V|/(´ gPMbMδU) LM[“dMc dPM cMd “N MLOMc gRdP MhGIdUi “[M M[L]“R[d R[U. 3[i NMGcRHUM c“UedR“[ d“ dPM bMUGhGdR“[ ORfM[ GH“fM gPRIPGUccGdRc McdPMceHdebMURYR[GdR[I[cdbGR[dc Yecd HM dPM R[IRLM[IM fMId“b “N G d“eb. U[N“bde[GdMUi´ dPM [eYHMb “N ceHd“eb MURYR[G” dR“[ I“[cdbGR[dc Rc Mh]“[M[dRGU R[ dPM [eYHMb “N IRdRMc. CPRc UMLG... @aSczMJEe 9P.d“ ]b“]“cM G IeddR[O ]UG[M GUO“bRdPY R[ E1]´ gPMbM dPM ceH” d“eb MURYR[GdR“[ I“[cdbGR[dc GbM GLLML Gc IeddR[O ]UG[Mc Gc [MIMccGbi. CPM LMObMM I“[cdbGR[dc G[L dPM ceHd“eb MURY” R[GdR“[ I“[cdbGR[dc´ d“OMdPMb gRdP dPM cRY]UM H“e[Lc %xe’´ GbM cdRUU [“d ceIRM[d d“ LM” cIbRHM dPM I“[fMh PeUU “N dPM R[IRLM[IM fMId“bc “N d“ebc. CPRc G]]b“GIP “N E1] PGc HMM[ MhdM[LML R[ bMIM[d iMGbc Hi dPM R[I“b]“bGdR“[ “N GLLRdR“[GU NGYRURMc “N IeddR[O ]UG[Mc | cMM´ N“b MhGY]UM´ E’´ ’-´ )+.] CPec´ IeddR[O ]UG[M GUO“bRdPYc IG[ HM ecML MfM[ gPM[ dPM R[dMOMb ]b“ObGYYR[O N“bYeUGdR“[ “N dPM ]b“HUMY PGc G[ Mh]“[M[dRGU [eYHMb “N I“[cdbGR[dc. BRYRUGb RLMGc GbM ecML R[ ]G]Mbc “[ dPMYGdIPR[O]bHUMYE´,]´YGhRYeYIed ]b“HUMYc E+´ ’%´ (.]´ G[L dPM UR[MGb “bLMbR[O ]b“HUMY E’.´ )’]´ GY“[O “dPMbc. CPM ]R“[MMb” R[O g“bT “N.EGRJVSGa“[ dPM YGdIPR[O ]b“H” UMY OGfM G I“Y]UMdM LMcIbR]dR“[ “N dPM YGdIPR[O ]“Uid“]M´ G[L dPRc g“bT gGc ecML R[ ceHcMaeM[d GUO“bRdPYc; Rd gGc GUc“ G[ R[c]RbGdR“[ d“ NedebM g“bT “[ YG[i “dPMb ]b“HUMYc G[L MfM[ d“ dPM N“bYeUGdR“[ “N I“Y]UMhRdi dPM“bi G[L dPM I“[” IM]d “N G FO““L" GUO“bRdPY. AaiRgcMiviR TRcRgMa OliiicT eaMcRh. 3 T[G]cGIT ]b“HUMY Rc G[ R[dMOMb ]b“ObGY” YR[O ]b“HUMY gRdP Secd “[M UR[MGb R[MaeGURdi I“[cdbGR[d. 3 OM[MbGU R[dMOMb ]b“ObGYYR[O ]b“H” UMY IG[ HM bMOGbLML Gc dPM R[dMbcMIdR“[ “N cMf” MbGU T[G]cGIT ]b“HUMYc´ “[M N“b MGIP I“[cdbGR[d. CPRc “HcMbfGdR“[ gGc ecML R[ E0´ (%´ (’] d“ c“UfM OM[MbGU R[dMOMb ]b“ObGYYR[O ]b“HUMYc. CPM G]” ]b“GIP I“[cRcdc “N [LR[O NGIMdc G[L cdb“[O Ied” dR[O ]UG[Mc N“b dPM T[G]cGIT ]b“HUMY G[L GLLR[O
  • Univers Univers
  • Ebooks Ebooks
  • Livres audio Livres audio
  • Presse Presse
  • Podcasts Podcasts
  • BD BD
  • Documents Documents