ADDENDA of Beamline proposal BL19

Description

Niveau: Supérieur, Master, Bac+4
ADDENDA of Beamline proposal BL19 & 20 SIRIUS Soft Interfaces and Resonant Investigation with Undulator Source Addenda for merging the proposals: Soft Interfaces and Complex System Scattering Beamline (BL20) and Resonant Elastic x-ray Scattering Spectroscopy Beamline (BL19) Spokesperson: P. Fontaine (LURE, Orsay & INSP, Paris) (BL20) H. Renevier(CEA/DRFMC/SP2M, Grenoble) (BL19) with contribution of: M. Goldmann (INSP, Université Paris VI, Paris) J.M. Tonnerre (LdC, CNRS, Grenoble) E. Lorenzo (LdC, CNRS, Grenoble) M.P. Level, O. Chubar (Insertion Device group, SOLEIL) T. Moreno, M. Idir, (Optic Group, Expal division, SOLEIL) 22 April, 2005

• diffraction anomalous


• sac- see annexe1


• beamline


• ray scattering


• biological systems


• soft interfaces


• tender energy


• bl20 proposal

Sujets

• Tonnerre
• Europe
• Resonance
• Goldmann
• Structure
• Beamline
• Systems biology

Informations

• Publié par: larec
• Nombre de lectures: 13
• Langue: English

Extrait

ADDENDA of Beamline proposal BL19 & 20

SIRIUS

S
oft
I
nterfaces and
R
esonant
I
nvestigation
with
U
ndulator
S
ource

Addenda for merging the proposals:

Soft Interfaces and Complex System Scattering Beamline (BL20)
dnaResonant Elastic x-ray Scattering Spectroscopy Beamline (BL19)

Spokesperson: HP.. RFoennteaviineer ((CLEUAR/ED, ROFrsMaCy /S& PI2NMS,P ,G Preanrios)b l e ) ((BBLL1290))
with contribution of:
JM..M .G Tolodnmnearnrne ((ILNdSCP, , CUNnRivSe,r sGitrée nPoabrilse )VI, Paris)
E. Lorenzo (LdC, CNRS, Grenoble)
TM. .PM. oLreevneol,, MO.. ICdhiru, b(aOr p(tIincs eGrrtioounp ,D Eexvipc
al
e dgirvoisuipo, n,S SOOLELIELI)L)

22April, 2005

SIRIUS

Outline:
1- Introduction...............................................................................................................3
2- Updates and appends to the scientific cases.............................................................4
2-1- Grazing Incidence x-ray Scattering on Soft Interfaces................................4
2-2- Resonant diffraction and Anomalous scattering from soft interfaces.........6
2-3- Structural properties of nanostructures.......................................................10
2-3-1- Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure............................................11
2-3-2- Grazing Incidence Anomalous Diffraction......................................13
2-3-3- Grazing Incidence Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure.............13
2-3-4- Micro-Focusing.................................................................................15
2-3-5- Polarization.......................................................................................16
2-3-6- Edges of Interest...............................................................................27
2-4- Investigation of magnetic nanostructures....................................................18
2-4-1- X-Ray Resonant Magnetic Scattering..............................................20
2-4-2- Interface magnetism and depth resolved magnetism......................21
2-4-3- Magnetic morphology of nano-objects.............................................22
2-4-4- Conclusions.......................................................................................24
3- Beamline design.........................................................................................................24
3-1- The continuous 2-10keV x-ray source..........................................................24
3-2- Beamline Optics............................................................................................25
3-2-1- Liquid diffraction configuration, comparison between HU34 and
U26 undulator.............................................................................................26
3-2-2- Study of an optics for propagation of the circular polarization in
the tender x-ray range.................................................................................31
3-2-3- Micro-focusing..................................................................................35
3-3- Versatile goniometer.....................................................................................35
3-4- Diffractometer and sample environments....................................................38
References......................................................................................................................40
Annexe 1: Scientific Advisory Committee previous advises about the BL17, 19,
20 proposals..............................................................................................45

2

SIRIUS

1- INTRODUCTION

3

This document describes the proposal for a beamline dedicated to soft interfaces and
resonant elastic x-ray scattering in the tender x-ray range. Following the Scientific Advisory
Committee (SAC- see annexe1), the research directorate of SOLEIL proposed to built two
beamlines coming from three beamline proposals: BL17
[1]
about surface scattering, BL19
[2]
about nanostructure resonant elastic and magnetic x-ray scattering and BL20
[3]
devoted to
Soft Interfaces and resonant x-ray scattering on Complex System. Taking into account the
possibilities opened by the phase I beamlines (mainly regarding the BL19 proposal), the
SOLEIL Directorate proposed to build the two following beamlines:
- a high-energy beamline, 4-20 keV, gathering the solid surfaces (UHV) diffraction
beamline proposal (BL17) and the buried and biologically relevant soft interfaces thematic
(fraction of BL20 proposal, using photons at an energy higher than 10keV); the council has
already approved this beamline (SIXS);
- a tender energy beamline (2-10keV) combining the resonant and magnetic
diffraction in the tender x-ray range project (BL19) and soft interfaces (BL20 proposal,
application using photons energy ranging from 2 to 10keV) which is the object of this
document.

The BL19
[1]
proposal was aimed to built up a beamline dedicated to the study of
magnetism and structural properties of bulk and nanomaterials, as well as to the study of
strongly correlated systems with various techniques based on X-ray Resonant Elastic
Scattering (XRES). The initially requested energy range was 5-20keV. Although the SAC
appreciation was good, it strongly recommended to enlarge the scientific community
concerned and to push the energy window to tender energy x-ray (2-4keV). For instance, this
will allow the community to study the induced magnetism at the 4d L edges. Our addendum
emphasizes the study of magnetism and structural properties of
nanostructures
by Grazing
Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS), Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction
(GIXD) both at fixed energy or in a multi-wavelengths anomalous scattering mode, Grazing
Incidence Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure (GIDAFS), X-ray Resonant Magnetic
Scattering (XRMS) and Grazing Incidence Magnetic Scattering (GIXRMS) (see sections 2.3
and 2.4). However this does not exclude the study of magnetism and structural properties of
thin films, heterostructures or even bulk samples.

SIRIUS

4

The aim of the beamline proposed in the BL20
[2]
project was to provide the soft
interfaces community (studying Langmuir monolayers, Langmuir Blodgett, self assembled
films, liquid crystal, polymers, liquid interfaces, biologically relevant systems and complex
molecular systems) with an efficient x-ray instrument performing different and new
experiments in this field: GIXD and GISAXS at fixed energy (8keV, 12keV), which are a
strong need of the community, but also to enable x-ray fluorescence and resonant or
anomalous scattering in the tender x-ray range (2-8keV) for complex systems and soft
interfaces which appear as a promising route to study new possibilities of such interfaces.
Indeed, most elements encountered in soft condensed matter have their absorption edges
located in this tender energy window. However, up to now no optimized beamline is available
in Europe for such purpose. The SAC appreciation was good, especially for the liquid
substrate experiments and for the anomalous scattering and resonant diffraction in the 2-4keV
range. However, it recommended to split the project on two beamlines, one optimized in the
tender x-ray range and another in the high-energy range.

These addenda are divided into two parts. The first part updates and appends the
scientific cases of the initial two-beamlines proposals according to the evolutions of the
concerned scientific field since 2002 (year of the APS writing). The second part discusses an
outline of the new technical design of the beamline, especially the insertion device, the optics
and the goniometer.

2- UPDATES AND APPENDS TO THE SCIENTIFIC CASES

2-1- Grazing Incidence x-ray Scattering on Soft Interfaces:

Since the scientific case of BL20 was proposed in 2002, the evolutions in the field of
soft interfaces have confirmed the trends given in the APS document
[3]
. From the fundamental
aspect, studies of the physics of Soft Interfaces are evolving to new interesting systems such
[4][5]
as liquid surface fluctuations, Langmuir monolayers on liquid metals, On the other
hand, applications of soft interfaces are in strong development,
i.e.
they are used as a model
system for biologically relevant applications, and/or as template for the formation of
nanomaterials. This evolution leads to more and more complex but realistic systems both
regarding the chemical composition of the interface and the involved interactions.
For biologically relevant studies, a Langmuir monolayer can represent the surface of
the living cell membrane since it is already half of the membrane. For some issues, one

SIRIUS

5

strongly needs a more realistic model accounting of the bilayer nature of the membrane and of
the interaction between the two layers. Transport properties across the membrane in presence
of proteins, fluctuations of biomembranes studies will greatly benefit of such advanced
biomimetic model. Different strategies are already used or proposed to overcome this
situation. Two proposed strategies lead to the use of high-energy incident beam and will be
studied on the SIXS beamline. This is the case of phospholip