On well posedness for the Benjamin Ono equation
37 pages
English

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On well posedness for the Benjamin Ono equation

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37 pages
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Description

On well-posedness for the Benjamin-Ono equation Nicolas Burq ? and Fabrice Planchon † Abstract We prove existence and uniqueness of solutions for the Benjamin-Ono equation with data in Hs(R), s > 1/4. Moreover, the flow is hölder continuous in weaker topologies. 1 Introduction Let us consider (1.1) ∂tu+H∂ 2 xu+ u∂xu = 0, u(x, t = 0) = u0(x), (t, x) ? R 2. Here and hereafter, H is the Hilbert transform, defined by (1.2) Hf(x) = 1 pi ∫ f(y) x? y dy = 1 pi vp 1 x ? u = F?1(?isgn(?)f(?)). We will restrict ourselves to real-valued u0, for reasons which will appear later. Equation (1.1) deals with wave propagation at the interface of layers of fluids with di?erent densities (see Benjamin [2] and Ono [22]), and it belongs to a larger class of equation modeling this type of phenomena, some of which are certainly more physically relevant. Mathematically, however, (1.1) presents several interesting and challenging properties; the exact balance between the degree of the nonlinearity and the smoothing properties of the linear part precludes any hope to achieve results through a direct fixed point procedure, be it in Kato smoothing type of spaces or more elaborate conormal (Bourgain)

  • frequencies

  • let ? ?

  • molinet-saut-tzvetkov

  • precludes any

  • solution constructed

  • ?j ?

  • equation

  • koch-tzvetkov


Sujets

Informations

Publié par
Nombre de lectures 31
Langue English

Extrait


sH (R) s> 1/4
2 2∂ u+H∂ u+u∂ u = 0, u(x,t = 0) =u (x), (t,x)∈R .t x 0x
H
Z
1 f(y) 1 1 1 ˆHf(x) = dy = vp ?u =F ( isgn()f()).
x y x
u0
∞C
su ∈ H0
3 3s > s =
2 2
12
2L H
Z Z
2 2u (x,t)dx = u (x)dx,0
R RZ Z Z Z
1 1√ √1 1
4 2 3 4 2 3| u(x,t)| dx+ u (x,t)dx = | u (x)| dx+ u (x)dx.0 03 3R R R R
5s> 4
9s >
8
1H


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s 1H s>
4
2s = 0 L
2L
1H (T)
1s >
4
1 +s+ ,∞ 1 1 10 s 2 2 s ,4 ∞ s ,
4 4 2C (R ;H (R ))∩W (L )∩W (L )∩Xt x x t t
+1s,p s,
2W X


2 2 2(∂ + a(x)∂ ) (∂ + ( ∂ a(x)/2 + a (x)/4)) x xx xRx = exp( a(y)dy/2)
i

s,b X
++ 10 ,
2X
1
4
1
4
s,0X
1s,1X
2
11,
2X
inauniquebtherefore(awinalyimmediatelyforofosothequationdata,eintheawheresimilarhw(1.1),aeypurelyasab[12]aexaretendststhebKdVgowithwwilltoHsmoonlythein[10],laInbutsolutions).h.expWhileb[10]esgueobwviouslythesupplaceersedeshourcedureexistentesceshouldresult,globaluniquenesstlyisvmeantotwinthetheInclassspatialofclimitsanofsmosmobothinnitesolutions;gaugeittrollingshould.berteypspoinastedAsoutwithat,needsdueintowhenthethanquasilineargaugenaralturewofwhictheinequation,ativuniquenessealwInaonenysparaprorequiresfactor.additionalerrorargumenaretsonesifofonefact,is[25],willingw-hightomenestimatestheedierenceell-pofsolutionstewtialothsolutions,lossagaugestepofwhicanhtisestimates,bdoypassedtheinvthwhile,eonenextendedapproachhhasusedthroughineing[12].normUniquenesscoissuesconservwillobservbtheeisfurtherultiplicationdiscussedonafterositivthetostatemenetsolutionofaluedresults.h,Ourtialmabi(otherwise,nsolutionresultinreadandsanaswithfollothankswserforming(avrenedgloballyvrstersionearizewilgaugelyborsteisgivw-highentaklatertheon):fTheoremon1iFreqorwanytheglobalpobtainingy(thereforewithtoonen,thistherloteitexistswhicatermsuniquecusstreongariansolutionconormalof;theremarkBenjaminTOnooneethequa-teractiontionri(1.1)ab,thewhichltiscanwnvdoeloincby.aer,wtotheexpallcomingexistencetransformation,edsvequation).improccurs.KenigertingandconormalIonescuawhere(whic[10],yinterpedwhievoacuastransformwwhicbreakthroughnoteanddecisivtaonly,toouslyeect).ultanegaugesimtheandfactortlyroughlyendenconservIndepy.hierarcwithandata,tegrable,ofcompletelyelalevtransformation:thebat(equationresulttheuniquenessnandwexistenceationananother.AsUniquenessedis[25],meHilbanttransforminnothingthismclass,bwhertoethobtainpeearectrum,ewhicthewusualreduceSobtheolevispreal-va.csucestheandonenwfactororkllwetimaginarypresenoneartheetoceonormaltegrablespspace)acisesirrelev(whichtwildealinglLebbnorms.eRatherdenepdtheinotheenexttransformationse,ction).eLetpausinoutlinethebrieyandhoawatheonlyprowofterm,willhprowhenceed.lothefrequenciesWteractioneeswwithorkderivwithesmoaothlingsolutions,thandhobtaingafprioriuencies.estimateseect,inevreplacingariousexpspacestiationwithrolobwaregularitductythe.xpCltialaWhilesscreaicalaproofceduterms,reshighlighthenclearlyahltheloonewfotoon.passWtousethevlimittand)prospacesvidetoexistence.inInasWedeypaoerformshouldasilenrendropormalizationloininy).inisoalginwequationhtionedtcoexactlye,Onreotherufinaequationrbasprowedebknoww,osedthisextendedtricekcangoTheseesHobacevkwtoneedHadealytheashi-Ozaonenwfactorafrom[8]gaugewhenanddealingiwithisnonlinearaScBurgershr?odingerlinearizesequationsvwithethinderivspacesativlosees:factorfacinghaninopregulariterator(asregularitinwolationloetateenproblemwyhrCaucdetheanwithopf-Coleconnectedoneehbes,loseoneythingmaanyofredwhicucelosesitariantothankscannotatothingmomenMeanthetheatactionhrequireswhicexpfacttialatows,elainationthe(complex)spiritofwhicTmaaohes[25]..Athes2sH

1 1,
2 2X
2 2L C (L )t
2H
1H
s > 1/4
2L
∞ 2L (L )t x
1
∞ 2L (H )xt
1
22H (T) L (T)
thesolutionisconstructedthismaasbwithysetting:extractingardasolvweneaktlimit;yoneehasatoipwerformwillaimpliesseparatehargumenaret.alwThisequation,requiresertakingofdierencesesgue-likounconditionalfetshortlywinotamedsolutions,rstanduniquenesspyielderformingSanotherwheregaugeytransform.existsAsymmetrymakleadsconservtoenmorethedicultehaterms]thanoutbgefore,ourbutsolutionsbsolutionyapproacusingsallbthebtainedaforpriorihknoxedwledgehonevhastonabhothssolutionsregularit(anresultdstatemenesponeciallyhonefoubineingandtheletlimitforofofsmoareothrthersolutionsequation,constructedsmobvefore),sevwofeThearerstableetotedcloseectsaneaItprioritoestimatewine(aprogresssuitableeavtime-spaceersionorofwhic)othingwhereeclassithewithoutintsuniquenesselsewhere.videMolinet.osednessSucequationhstillanrestimatebprobvidesoinH?ldersuitableconwheretinuenciesuitbythatofotheticalodatum,w,ofexpresseddecompinewme,eakhigheerEfhuesnctionuspacesasthstructuralanethetsonesomewhatsbusedinforisexistence.classRemarkthe1.1renormalizationLetFinallyuspmakteequations,somewheremoreothspbutecicunlesscommenftsonontheourmoreuniquenesslastatemensolutionstysandtoitssolution,re-solutionslation(onlytobthetropicuniquenessepartsemilinearoftruely[10]es:quasilinearTheoremp1.1inofOne[10]wstatesdispthattothehoouldwinmapv(whell-denedteconcouldsmobinedothtdata)toexoftendswhicuniquelyuniquenesstospace-timeayconoftinfromuousvocalwy).mapcanfromtoproell-pnotntooesthedofurtherestimatehprioripresena,anthat.([20],[19])Prowvingthethat-antheyvsmomaothfsequencewofcansolutionseisedayCaucpht,yasequenceBanacrequiresspace,takinglothefreqdierehanceeofeen(large)(Remarkspforectralwtruncationssolutionsofidentheseinitisolutionsl:theonepartthensucusesatheositionexistenceboftheloacfromalatsmorothy).solutionsv(insucObtainingael.do,notthoughouradmittedlyniquenessonet,coulditusesomeTassumptionao'sthresultsolution.attatemenlevwhicatare)similartoydealewithndthis[19],spuniquenessecobtainediacwhicdierence.includesInsolutionconitstrast,bwitself.e,prousvoineouanthatestimatequasilinearontheredierenceexamplesoflimitssolutionssmowhicsolutionshuniqueonlysolutionsusesnot,ouroneaesprioriuknrestrictionsothewledgeconsideratBurgerstheorgivgenerallyenationsolutionws,ourothretainwilltoawsconregularitergeythe.tropicItwhileshoulderalbmaeexistponeointhemtedeingoutenthatone).sucBhnjamin-Onoawhileproatcedglance,urebmavylikwaellequation,brsteoinsuccessfuloutin[21the.framewexporkhoofev[10]its:ersivatnatureanruleysucrate,pathologies.awreadingbofoftheirterestproinofestisuggestsatethatouniquenessthecouldhniquesb[10]ebimple-commenwithtedargumenastoafurthersumwofuniquenesstwwkonorm,parts(unconditional:inaornoenliLebnanearuniquenessobthejectswhic[7],hhiserifythelosmosmoothinequalitsolutionOurwithhtrubncatedexploited(onobtainthewFosednessouriernside)iinitialsdata,landgaugeallo;hrequiresdata,argumenywhicclevwillsubstitutionektedtheFinallyonenwgauge.noteaL.transformationhaswhicoh(global)isell-pdepforendBenjamenntOnoononthetorus,rstertpart,insatisyandesafteranoequationewhicanotherhandpartwhicbh,aaftererrenormatriclonizationexpbtialy32∂ u M ∂ u M ∂ u+∂ (u ) = 0, u| =ut 1 1 x 2 2 x x t=0 0
1dM u() =m ()ub(), m () =kcoth(H )i i i i
Hi
2 2∂ u+H∂ u+K∂ u +∂ (u ) = 0 K K()t x xx
||K() =K +O(e ) > 0 K0 0
s,b 2X P = H∂x
2H∂ +K ∂0 xx
b( ) ∈S(R) = 1j j∈Z
j jb|| 1 = 0 || > 11/10 (x) = 2 (2 x) S = (x) = ( )(x)j j j j j+1 j
= S S = S j j+1 j j 0 1
u = u u = S uj j j j 1
f,g
X
T f = S (g) (f),g j 1 j
j
g f gf
j2
s,q0f S (R) s ∈R 1 p,q +∞ f Bp
p S f ∈L0
js q (ε ) ε = 2 k (f)k p lj j∈N j j L
s,q0 1+1u(x,t)∈S (R ) u∈L (B ) j 1pt
js q
p2 k uk =ε ∈l .j jL (L )xt
s,q 0 n+1u(x,t)∈S (R ) u∈B (L ) j 1p t
js q
p 2 k uk =ε ∈l .j jL (L )x t
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