POWER SOLUTIONS FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

Mk6645

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POWER SOLUTIONS FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES ELECTR NIC SYSTEMS DC System Automation Power Panels Instruments ISO 9001 : 20001 :

• modules to cable alley
• load by the battery
• mccs
• dc load
• dc
• charger
• control
• series
• power
• design

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• Publié par: mithar
• Nombre de lectures: 16
• Langue: English

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Psych. 3260 (Hartmann, A04): Lecture 8: Bandura

Psychology 3260: Personality & Social Development

Don Hartmann Spring 2006 Lecture 8: © Bandura

Bandura References

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 http://www.emory.edu/EDUCATION/mfp/Bandura/In dex.html  Selected influential books from each decade Adolescent aggressionalters)(1959, with R. W   Social learning and personality development (1963, with R. W alters) Aggression: Social learning analysis(1973)  Social foundations of thought and action: A  social cognitive theory(1986) Self-efficacy: The exercise of control(1997) 

Overview of Bandura Lecture

Introduction to Bandura  Early Social Learning Theory  Current Social Cognitive Theory  Evaluation  Summary 

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Psych. 3260 (Hartmann, A04): Lecture 8: Bandura

The MAN!

Introduction

th th 4 most influential psychologist of the 20  century (see my bulletin board) Distinguished Professor at Stanford  Past President of the American Psychological  Association (APA) On this campus, mentor of Donna Gelfand &  Don Hartmann An important advocate and developer of  Social Learning Theory, which has been transformed into Social Cognitive Theory

The Characteristics of Banduras (early) Theory with Emphasis on Learning

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Early version (Social Learning Theory) emphasized the means by which we acquire  behavior:Learning…  Operant Conditioning Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning   But especially,Imitation

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Psych. 3260 (Hartmann, A04): Lecture 8: Bandura

More on Imitation as a Process

Basic rather than derived process  Steps in process—any of which can go  wrong if “imitation fails”:  Attending to the model  Coding the behavior into memory (visual vs. abstract)  Retrieving the coded behavior  Performance of the behavior  Role of incentives

Imitation May Not Always Be Desirable

More on the Characteristics of Banduras (early) Theory with Emphasis on Learning

Distinguished between learning &  performance We often, and incorrectly,  infer what a child knows from what the child does

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Psych. 3260 (Hartmann, A04): Lecture 8: Bandura

Learning Vs. Performance

Still More of the Characteristics of Banduras (early) Theory with Emphasis on Social Context

Early version (Social Learning Theory)  emphasized the social context in which learning occurred Social variables are important in  determining what we learn, how much, etc.

Social Cognitive Theory

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In general, people are viewed as self- organizing, proactive, self-reflecting and self-regulating rather than as reactive organisms shaped and shepherded by environmental forces or driven by concealed inner impulses

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Psych. 3260 (Hartmann, A04): Lecture 8: Bandura

Social Cognitive Theory: General Characteristics

Importance of Cognitive Processes  how we label ourselves;  how we think about ourselves and talk to  ourselves our ATTRIBUTIONS (what we say or  think) about the causes of our and other’s behavior and the like how we expect to perform: our  EFFICACY-EXPECTATIONS

Self Efficacy

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Definition: Our expectations for  success. Efficacy expectations determine the  effort and persistence we display in our behavior. Efficacy expectations develop as a  function of: vicarious, direct, and symbolic instructional experiences.

Social Cognitive Theory: Importance of Self-Processes

Importance of Self Processes—  particularly self regulation  self-monitoring  standard-setting  self-reinforcement  Self-reflection Think of how much of your behavior is  controlled by self processes—perhaps that were once external (e.g., performed by parents)

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Psych. 3260 (Hartmann, A04): Lecture 8: Bandura

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Other Emphases: Nurture over Nature

From Bandura: In lower mammalian species, for example, sexual activities are completely regulated by gonadal hormones; among primates sexual behavior is partially independent of physiological stimulation; while human eroticism is exceedingly variable and essentially independent of hormonal regulation....thus, one would induce sexual behavior in a rodent Don Juan by administering androgen, whereas presenting him lascivious pictures of a well-endowed mouse would have no stimulating effects whatsoever. By contrast, one would rely on sexually-valenced social stimuli, rather than on hormonal injections for producing erotic arousal in human males.

Other Emphases: Continuities over Stages

Abrupt changes in behavior seenonly  with abrupt changesin controlling stimuli -- either environmental or self induced

Other Emphases: Philosophical Origins

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Reaction to   psychoanalytic theory the more sterile aspects of Skinners positions,  and  philosophical rather than empirical approach to psychology. Stresses Reciprocal Causation involving  Person, Environment, and Behavior--triadic reciprocity

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Psych. 3260 (Hartmann, A04): Lecture 8: Bandura

Reciprocal Causation: Behavior, the Person, & the Environment

Preference for violent TV

Watching Attentively Acting Aggressively

A Bandurian Analysis of a Child’s Moral Behavior

Violent TV

Standards (models) child exposed to?   Direct  Vicarious  Symbolic Consequences for truth-telling and  dishonesty—dispensed by others & self Labeling—by others & self  Consistency of treatment across settings 

Evaluation of Bandura

Strengths Strong on science Important emphasis on cognitive & self processes. Important implications for child rearing, education, etc.

Weaknesses:  Not heavily developmental Underplays role of genetic and maturational variables

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Psych. 3260 (Hartmann, A04): Lecture 8: Bandura

Summary of Bandura

The Old: Social Learning Theory  The New: Social Cognitive T  Major Emphases  Strengths & Weaknesses  Next: Lecture #9: Piaget  Go in Peace 

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