April WSPC Proceedings Trim Size: 9in x 6in qmath10

Alain Joye

Description

Niveau: Supérieur, Doctorat, Bac+8
April 18, 2008 16:58 WSPC - Proceedings Trim Size: 9in x 6in qmath10 1 Repeated Interaction Quantum Systems: Deterministic and Random Alain Joye Institut Fourier Universite de Grenoble BP 74 38402 Saint Martin d'Heres, France This paper gives an overview of recent results concerning the long time dy- namics of repeated interaction quantum systems in a deterministic and ran- dom framework. We describe the non equilibrium steady states (NESS) such systems display and we present, as a macroscopic consequence, a second law of thermodynamics these NESS give rise to. We also explain in some details the analysis of products of certain random matrices underlying this dynamical problem. Keywords: Non equilibrium quantum statistical mechanics, Repeated interac- tion quantum systems, Products of random matrices 1. Introduction and Model A repeated interaction quantum system consists of a reference quantum subsystem S which interacts successively with the elements Em of a chain C = E1+E2+· · · of independent quantum systems. At each moment in time, S interacts precisely with one Em (m increases as time does), while the other elements in the chain evolve freely according to their intrinsic dynamics. The complete evolution is described by the intrinsic dynamics of S and of all the Em, plus an interaction between S and Em, for each m. The latter is characterized by an interaction time ?m > 0, and an interaction operator Vm (acting on S and Em); during the time interval [?1+· · ·+?m?1, ?1+· · ·

• constant interaction


• large-time asymptotics


• interaction quantum


• dynamics


• ideal repeated


• any master


• interaction operators

Sujets

• Université
• Dynamics

Informations

• Publié par: profil-zyak-2012
• Nombre de lectures: 20
• Langue: English

Extrait

April18,200816:58WSPC-ProceedingsTrimSize:9inx6inqmath10 RepeatedInteractionQuantumSystems:Deterministicand Random AlainJoye InstitutFourier Universite´deGrenoble 47PB 38402SaintMartind’He`res,France Thispapergivesanoverviewofrecentresultsconcerningthelongtimedy- namicsofrepeatedinteractionquantumsystemsinadeterministicandran- domframework.Wedescribethenonequilibriumsteadystates(NESS)such systemsdisplayandwepresent,asamacroscopicconsequence,asecondlaw ofthermodynamicstheseNESSgiveriseto.Wealsoexplaininsomedetails theanalysisofproductsofcertainrandommatricesunderlyingthisdynamical problem. Keywords:Nonequilibriumquantumstatisticalmechanics,Repeatedinterac- tionquantumsystems,Productsofrandommatrices 1 1.IntroductionandModel Arepeatedinteractionquantumsystemconsistsofareferencequantum subsystem S whichinteractssuccessivelywiththeelements E m ofachain C = E 1 + E 2 + ∙∙∙ ofindependentquantumsystems.Ateachmomentintime, S interactspreciselywithone E m (mincreasesastimedoes),whiletheother elementsinthechainevolvefreelyaccordingtotheirintrinsicdynamics. Thecompleteevolutionisdescribedbytheintrinsicdynamicsof S andof allthe E m ,plusaninteractionbetween S and E m ,foreachm.Thelatteris characterizedbyaninteractiontimeτ m >0,andaninteractionoperatorV m (actingon S and E m );duringthetimeinterval[τ 1 + ∙∙∙ +τ m − 1 ,τ 1 + ∙∙∙ +τ m ), S iscoupledto E m onlyviaV m .Systemswiththisstructureareimportant fromaphysicalpointofview,sincetheyarisenaturallyasmodelsforfunda- mentalexperimentsontheinteractionofmatterwithquantizedradiation. Asanexample,the“Oneatommaser”providesanexperimentalsetupin whichthesystem S representsamodeoftheelectromagneticfield,whereas theelements E k describeatomsinjectedinthecavity,onebyone,which

April18,200816:58WSPC-ProceedingsTrimSize:9inx6inqmath10 2 interactwiththefieldduringtheirflightinthecavity.Aftertheyleavethe cavity,theatomsencodesomepropertiesofthefieldwhichcanbemea- suredontheseatoms 14 , 16 Forrepeatedinteractionsystemsconsideredas ideal,i.e.suchthatallatomsareidenticalwithidenticalinteractionsand timesofflightthroughthecavity,correspondingmathematicalanalysesare providedin 17 , 7 Totakeintoaccounttheunavoidablefluctuationsinthe experimentsetupusedtostudytheserepeatedinteractionsystems,mod- elizationsincorporatingrandomnesshavebeenproposedandstudiedin 8 and. 9 Withadifferentperspective,repeatedquantuminteractionmodels alsoappearnaturallyinthemathematicalstudyofmodelizationofopen quantumsystemsbymeansofquantumnoises,see 4 andreferencestherein. Any(continuous)masterequationgoverningthedynamicsofstatesona system S canbeviewedastheprojectionofaunitaryevolutiondrivingthe system S andafieldofquantumnoisesininteraction.Itisshownin 4 how torecoversuchcontinuousmodelsassomedelicatelimitofadiscretization givenbyarepeatedquantuminteractionmodel.Letusfinallymention 15 forresultsofasimilarflavourinasomewhatdifferentframework. Ourgoalistopresenttheresultsofthepapers 7 , 8 and 9 on(random) repeatedinteractionquantumsystems,whichfocusonthelongtimebe- haviourofthesesystems. Letusdescribethemathematicalframeworkusedtodescribethese quantumdynamicalsystems.Accordingtothefundamentalprinciplesof quantummechanics,statesofthesystems S and E m aregivenbynormal- izedvectors(ordensitymatrices)onHilbertspaces H S and H E m ,respec- tively, 3,6a .Weassumethatdim H S < ∞ ,whiledim H E m maybeinfinite. ObservablesA S andA E m ofthesystems S and E m areboundedopera- torsformingvonNeumannalgebrasM S ⊂B ( H S )andM E m ⊂B ( H E m ). TheyevolveaccordingtotheHeisenbergdynamics R 3 t 7→ α t S (A S )and ttt R 3 t 7→ α E m (A E m ),whereα S andα E m are ∗ -automorphismgroupsofM S andM E m ,respectively,seee.g. 6 Wenowintroducedistinguishedreference states,givenbyvectorsψ S ∈H S andψ E m ∈H E m .Typicalchoicesforψ S , ψ E m areequilibrium(KMS)statesforthedynamicsα t S ,α t E m ,atinverse temperaturesβ S ,β E m .TheHilbertspaceofstatesofthetotalsystemis thetensorproduct H = H S ⊗H C , a Anormalizedvectorψdefinesa“pure”stateA 7→h ψ,Aψ i =Tr P (% ψ A),where% ψ = | ψ ih ψ | .Ageneral“mixed”stateisgivenbyadensitymatrix%= n≥1 p n % ψ n ,where theprobabilitiesp n ≥ 0sumuptoone,andwheretheψ n arenormalizedvectors.