CONTRACT WITH RABBIT FARMERx
3 pages
English

CONTRACT WITH RABBIT FARMERx

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Tout savoir sur nos offres
3 pages
English
Le téléchargement nécessite un accès à la bibliothèque YouScribe
Tout savoir sur nos offres

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  • expression écrite
CONTRACT AGREED AND SIGNED BETWEEN ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • amount of coniglio
  • rabbits for slaughter for a period
  • change of the length
  • contract term period
  • slaughter capacity
  • rabbits
  • rabbit
  • seller
  • price

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Nombre de lectures 18
Langue English

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Extraction Assigned Reading:Techniques in Organic Chemistry” Technique 11.111.4, 11.6, 12.112.4, 14.1 14.6 Prelab questions:1.Is it more effective to do one extraction with 60 mL of solvent or 3 extractions with 20 mL of solvent?Explain. 2.Why should the top layer be poured out of the top of the separatory funnel? 3.Why is it important to “vent” a separatory funnel during shaking? 4.How can you avoid the formation of an emulsion? 5.Typical organic extraction solvents have the following densities:Ether, 0.7 g/mL, ethyl acetate, 0.7 g/mL, dichloromethane, 1.3 g/mL.Will each of these solvents be the top or bottom layer when placed in a separatory funnel with an aqueous solution? 6.What is a drying agent? 7.To recover the organic product from the dried extraction solution, we will use evaporation. Whattwo other techniques are described? 8.What type of data will you use to answer the lab question?Draw a table that will effectively communicate the data that your team of four will obtain. 9.Why in procedure step 5 is it better to leave too much liquid in the sep funnel than drain too much out? 10.Why in procedure step 7 is it better to drain too much liquid out of the sep funnel than leave to much in? 11.Why should the Erlenmeyer flask in step 8 be clean and dry? 12.What is the purpose of the sodium sulfate in step 9? 13.What should you look for in a melting point determination to determine the true onset of melting?What might you observe that is not an indication of melting? 14.Give one common error that leads to an incorrect melting point determination. Question:How does the identity of an impurity in a sample affect the choice of solvent to be used in extraction? When is it appropriate to use an acid extraction versus a base extraction? Background:Extraction can be an effective purification technique in many cases.Based on different solubilities of compounds, extraction is used to dissolve an impurity into a different liquid phase from the compound of interest.The success of this procedure depends on the two compounds having significantly different solubilities in the two phases.Toward this end, the chemist must choose the type of aqueous solution to use in the extraction.It is possible to use an acidic, basic, or neutral aqueous phase.Depending on the impurity, one of these may or may not be preferential. In this experiment, you will be attempting to purify fluorene.Each of your team members will work with a different sample of fluorene contaminated with ethyl 4aminobenzoate, benzoic acid, fluorenone, or succinimide.For each you will test an acid, base, and neutral extraction and determine which is most effective.
O
Fluorene Fluorenone O O
OH
OCH CH 2 3
O
NH
H N 2 O Benzoic AcidEthyl 4AminobenzoateSuccinimide Procedure:1.Each member of a team of 4 should obtain one of the following impure fluorene samples: fluorene/ethyl 4aminobenzoate; fluorene/benzoic acid; fluorene/fluorenone; or fluorene/succinimide. (Each sample is a 50/50 mix.)Every team member should have a different impure sample. 2.Place about 0.5 g of your impure sample in 50 mL beaker andrecord the mass. 3.Use the ether in small portions to dissolve/suspend the impureObtain about 1015 mL of ether. mixtue and transfer it to the separatory funnel.(It is ok if it doesn’t all dissolve—just use the ether in small portions to rinse it all into the separatory funnel.)Swirl to dissolve the solid as much as possible. 4.Swirl the separatory funnel, ventingAdd 10 mL of distilled water to the separatory funnel. often, until thoroughly mixed. All solid should be dissolved at this time.If it is not, add 2 mL of ether and 2 mL of water, then swirl.Repeat until the sample is dissolved.(Use the least amount of solvent possible!) 5.Drain the bottom layer from the separatory funnel into a beaker or flask.At this stage err in allowing too little liquid out of the separatory funnel rather than too much.Label the flask as either “aqueous layer” or “organic layer”.(Which is it?!) 6.Add a second 10 mL portion of distilled water to the separatory funnel. Shake the separatory funnel, venting often, until thoroughly mixed. 7.Drain the bottom layer from the separatory funnel into the same beaker or flask from step 5.At this stage err in allowing too much liquid out of the separatory funnel rather than too little. 8.Pour the top layer out the top of the separatory funnel into a clean, dry 50 mLErlenmeyer flask. Rinse the separatory funnel out with ~5 mL of ether and transfer this to the Erlenmeyer as well. 9.Dry the ether with sodium sulfate for at least 5 minutes and decant into a clean, dry beaker. Rinse the Erlenmeyer flask out with ~5 mL of ether, let this sit for about a minute, and decant this into the beaker as well. 10.Remove the ether bygentlyheating with a sand bath (lowest setting) while blowing nitrogen or air over the warm ether. 11.Transfer the resulting solid to a labeled watch glass. 12.Repeat steps 211 two more times, using 1 M HCl and 1 M NaOH in place of distilled water. 13.After the purified fluorene is thoroughly dried,obtain melting point data for each sample. 14.You can leaveOnce you have completed the experiment, give your data to your teammates. lab after you have all your team’s data.
Observations and Results: Includeany observations and the melting point data in wellorganized table(s). Youshould clearly indicate which data you collected, and which came from team members. Include names of all team members. Discussion Comments: How can melting point data be useful for indicating the effectiveness of an extraction?Which, if any, extraction method effectively purified fluorene from ethyl 4aminobenzoate?Provide a chemical explanation for why this extraction method was so effective or why none of the methods was effective.Repeat the same question for the other three impurities. Conclusion: When choosing an extraction solvent for purifying a sample, one should… Reference(s) References for any necessary authentic melting point(s) What you will turn in for this report: 1.A legible copy of your lab notebook, following the format given in the syllabus 2.ThisA “Results Section” of a formal report (See “Writing a Formal Report” for details.) Results section will include:  A.A figure (Labeled “Figure 1” underneath) with a caption.This figure should be a picture that communicates an important aspect of the lab—use ChemDraw to make this figure.  B.A scheme (Labeled “Scheme 1” above) with effective title.This Scheme shows structures of the compounds with which you worked.Label compounds with bold numbers underneath.  C.A table (labeled “Table 1” above) with an effective title and headings.This table should efficiently and effectively show all data in one glance, emphasizing effective separations.
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