Forms of Linguistic Ambiguity: a Case Study of Teaching Persian ...

Admin 2004

Description

• exposé
• redaction
• expression écrite

This speech/presentation is authorized by the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center and the Department of Defense. Contents of this presentation are not necessarily the official views of, or endorsed by, the U.S. Government, DoD, Department of the Army, or DLIFLC. Forms of Linguistic Ambiguity: a Case Study of Teaching Persian/Farsi as a Second Language BY Hadi Sultan-Qurraie Undergraduate Persian School E-mail: hadi.

• real meaning
• lexical ambiguity
• numerous cases
• farsi
• formal redundancy
• u.s. government
• foreign language center

Sujets

• Exposé
• Redaction
• Department of Defence
• Defense Language Institute
• Language
• Ambiguity
• Formal

Informations

• Publié par: nachig
• Nombre de lectures: 17
• Langue: English

Extrait

BAL BHARATI PUBLIC SCHOOL, PITAMPURA, DELHI – 110034 CLASS 6 WHAT, WHERE, HOW AND WHEN Q1. What is History? It means life story of man from earliest period till today. Q2. What are Artefacts? The old objects like tools, weapons, pots, coins etc. which were used by early man. Q3. Who were skilled gatherers? Some of the earliest people who lived here were skilledgatherers,— that is, people who gathered their food. They knew about the vast wealth of plants in the surrounding forests, and collected roots fruits and other forest produce for their food. They alsohuntedanimals Q4. How did cross frontier movement helped our culture? The cross frontier movements of people enriched our cultural traditions. People shared new ways of carving stone, composing music, and even cooking food over several hundreds of years. Q5. What are Manuscripts? They are the records written by hand. These were usually written on palm leaf, or on the specially prepared bark of a tree known as the birch. Q6. What problems are associated with manuscripts? As these manuscripts were written on the leaves or bark of a tree, over the years, many of these manuscripts are eaten away by insects and hence have been destroyed. Q7. Which languages were used to write manuscripts? Many of the manuscripts were written in Sanskrit, Prakrit (language used by ordinary people) and Tamil. Q8. What are Inscriptions? These are writings on relatively hard surfaces such as stone or metal. Q9. What materials were used to make objects in the past? Archaeologists have explored tools, weapons, pots, pans, ornaments and coins of the past made of stone, bone, baked clay and metal. Q10. Who are Historians? Historians are the scholars who study the past and use the word source to refer to the information found from manuscripts, inscriptions and archaeology.

Q11. Where did man grow rice and wheat and barley for the first time? RiceThe places where rice was first grown are to the north of the Vindhyas. Wheat and Barley The places near Sulaiman and Kirthar hills to the North west of India (Now in Pakistan). Q12. Where did the first cities develop? About 4700 years ago, some of the earliestcitiesflourished on the banks of Indus and its tributaries.Later, about 2500 years ago, cities developed on the banks of the Ganga and its tributaries, and along the seacoasts. Q13. State different ways through which we can find about past? We can know about our past through Manuscripts, Inscriptions, Through the findings by the Archaeologists, the HistoriansStudies of Q14. What are the contents of the Manuscripts? These books dealt with subjects such as religious beliefs and practices, the lives of kings, medicine and science. Besides, there were epics, poems, and plays also. Q15. Why were Inscriptions made in the earlier times? Sometimes, kings got their orders inscribed on the inscriptions so that people could see, read and obey them and There are other kinds of inscriptions, where men and women (including kings and queens) recorded what they did. For example, kings often kept records of victories in battle. Q16. Who are Archaeologists? How do they function? There were many things that were made and used in the past. Those who study these objects are called Archaeologists.  Theystudy the remains of buildings made of stone and brick, paintings and sculpture. They also explore and excavate (dig under the surface of the earth) to find tools, weapons, pots, pans, ornaments and coins. Q17. Why do you think ordinary men and women did not generally keep records of what they did? Ordinary men and women generally did not keep records of what they did Because May be they were not educated enough. They did not know how to keep records.

There were just few learned men who were busy writing records for king. Q18. What things can be found through history? There are several things we can find out — What people ate, The kinds of clothes they wore, The houses in which they lived. We can also find out about the lives of hunters, herders, farmers, rulers, merchants, priests, crafts persons, artists, musicians, and scientists Q19. What are the two names by which our country is known? How did they originate? India and Bharat are the names used for our country. The word India comes from the river Indus, called Sindhu in Sanskrit.The Iranians and the Greeks who came through the northwest about 2500 years ago and were familiar with the Indus, called it the Hindos or the Indos, and the land to the east of the river was called India.  Thename Bharata was used for a group of people who lived in the northwest, and who are mentioned in the Rigveda, the earliest composition in Sanskrit. Later it was used for the country. Q20. Statethe difference between BC and AD BC AD It stands for Before Christ. It stands for‘Anno Domini’, It is counted backward.meaning ‘in the year of the All the dates are before theLord’ (i.e. Christ). birth of Christ.It is counted forward. Sometimes BCE is usedinsteadAll the dates are after the birth of BC. The letters CE stand forof Christ. ‘Common Era’ and BCE forSometimes CEis used instead ‘Before Common Era’of AD. The letters CE stand for ‘Common Q21. Why did people move from one place to another? The peopletravelledfrom one part of the subcontinent to another for the following reasons Some men and women moved in search of livelihood, They also moved to escape from natural disasters like floods or droughts. Sometimes men marched in armies,conquering others’ lands.

Besides, merchants travelled with caravans or ships, carrying valuable goods from place to place. Religious teachers walked from village to village, town to town, stopping to offer instruction and advice on the way. Some people perhaps travelled driven by a spirit of adventure, wanting to discover new and exciting places.