Robotics Expo – Visual Art Exhibition

Description

• cours - matière potentielle : contact sheet
• expression écrite

Creative Visual Arts Expo 2012

• creative endeavor under the organization of the nebraska
• nebraska robotics
• robotic graffiti robot painting
• operation of robotic systems
• robotic ocean creature studies robots
• introduce students to the pleasures of creative design
• visual arts expo
• art work
• robots
• students

Sujets

• Contact print
• Robotics
• Marley
• Accepted
• Joyner
• Despain
• Project
• Teachers
• Plan (drawing)
• School

Informations

• Publié par: natoc
• Nombre de lectures: 19
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 8 Mo

Extrait

AGAINST DISEASE The Impact of Hygiene and Cleanliness on Health
Aiello/Larson/Sedlak
AGAINST
DISEASE
The Impact of
Hygiene and Cleanliness
on Health
The Soap and Detergent Association The Soap and Detergent Association© 2006 The Soap and Detergent Association
AGAINST DISEASE
The Impact of
Hygiene and Cleanliness
on Health
Allison E. Aiello, PhD, MS, Assistant Professor of Epidemiology,
University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor,
Michigan, USA.
Elaine L. Larson, RN, PhD, FAAN, CIC, Professor of Pharmaceutical
and Therapeutic Research, Associate Dean of Research, School of
Nursing; Professor of Epidemiology, Joseph L. Mailman of
Public Health; Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Richard Sedlak, MSE, The Soap and Detergent Association, Washington,
District of Columbia, USA.
The Soap and Detergent Association
© 2006 The Soap and Detergent Association
For information, contact:
The Soap and Detergent Association
1500 K Street, NW
Suite 300
Washington, DC 20005, USA
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Web: www.sdahq.org
The information contained in this publication was created and/or compiled by The Soap and
Detergent Association (SDA) and is offered solely to aid the reader. Reasonable efforts have been
made to publish reliable data and information, but SDA and its member companies do not make
any guarantees, representations, or warranties, expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy
and completeness of the information contained herein and assume no responsibility for the use
of this information. Neither does SDA nor its member companies assume any responsibility to
amend, revise, or update information contained herein based on information that becomes available
subsequent to publication. Further, nothing herein constitutes an endorsement of, or recommendation
regarding, any product or process by SDA.
SDA grants users permission to copy, download, reproduce, transmit, and distribute any or all of this
publication and its contents provided that: (1) the user includes SDA’s copyright notice on all copies,
(2) the material is not used in a misleading or inappropriate manner, and (3) the copies or materials
are not sold and/or users are not charged a fee.
© 2007 The Soap and Detergent Association. All Rights Reserved.

Edited and designed by JMH Education Marketing, Inc., New York, NY
www.jmheducation.com
© 2006 The Soap and Detergent Association
vTable of Contents
Foreword ..................................................................................vii
Preface ix
Chapter 1 The “Good” Old Days? ....................................... 1
Disease, Despair, and Dying Young
References ............................................................. 10
Chapter 2 The Health Revolution ....................................... 13
Medical and Socioeconomic Advances
References 28
Chapter 3 Hidden Heroes of the Health Revolution ...... 33
Sanitation and Personal Hygiene
References ............................................................. 75
Chapter 4 Personal Health .................................................... 83
Bringing Good Hygiene Home
References ............................................................ 106
Eplogue ................................................................................ 113
© 2006 The Soap and Detergent Association
v© 2006 The Soap and Detergent Association
vForeword
The nostalgic image of the “good old days” is probably a fantasy when
it comes to human health. Not only is it difficult to pinpoint a specific
time frame when the “good old days” occurred, but in all probability,
they never existed! Historical facts describe an endless struggle with
devastating epidemics and unsanitary conditions leading to disease,
particularly infant mortality and the early death of young adults. This
situation prevailed in Western Europe and the U.S. until the beginning
of the “health revolution” in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The
“health revolution” brought about a fundamental upset of the status
quo in these two regions and the dawning of an era in which disease is
no longer inevitable and early death no longer an accepted fate. Since
the 1850s, every decade has been marked by improvements in human
survival and life expectancy. Western Europe and the U.S. are clearly
better off today than in those imaginary “good old days.”
The first 100 years of the health revolution can be credited to the control
of infectious disease. A variety of medical, environmental, technical,
and political innovations that were introduced as far back as 1850
interacted to gradually eliminate the sources or transmission routes of
the “big killers.” Some of these innovations were deliberate, some were
accidental, some were well-documented, some were obscure, and some
are still subjects of historical speculation and debate.
A substantial but overlooked component of the health revolution was
a sociocultural transformation in personal hygiene and cleanliness.
The quarter-century 1890 to 1915, in particular, was the beginning of a
mass change in bathing, laundering, and domestic hygiene practice in
the United States and England. These nonmedical, behavioral changes
were probably a major factor in the control of significant morbidity and
mortality. A basic hypothesis is that personal hygiene and domestic
cleanliness — including bathing, showering, laundering, dishwashing,
and housecleaning — played an essential but subtle and generally
ignored role in the revolution. To support this hypothesis, this book
examines records of soap production and consumption, bathing and
hygiene habits, epidemiological data, and morbidity and mortality data
from not only the United States and England, but also other areas of
the world.
T oday, the health revolution continues in the form of personal hygiene
and household cleanliness — two important disease-prevention
strategies. This book includes an examination of the effectiveness of
handwashing as well as household cleaning and disinfecting practices,
today in removing and killing microbes.
© 2006 The Soap and Detergent Association
vThe ultimate conclusion is that the current status of cleanliness and the
resulting health benefits in developed countries shouldn’t be taken for
granted. They are only of relatively recent historical origin, are remarkably
confined geographically, and require continuous nurturing and promotion.
There are improvements yet to be achieved in developed countries, and
sanitary diligence is as pertinent to health today as it was a century ago.
Furthermore, it is proposed that the revolution and the sanitary
revolution are still in progress. There are great strides — including new
cleanliness revolutions — yet to be made in some regions of the world.
© 2006 The Soap and Detergent Association
vPreface
In 1984, The Soap and Detergent Association published the monograph
Cleanliness and the Health Revolution. Authored by Dr. V. W. Greene, who
at the time was Professor of Environmental Health and Professor of
Microbiology at the University of Minnesota, that monograph brought
together a largely ignored picture of the role that cleanliness has had
in reducing the incidence of disease-related morbidity and mortality.
This publication is an update of that original work, keeping much of
the structure and content of Dr. Greene’s original work, and adding
updated and newly developed statistical data. In addition, information
on personal hygiene and household cleanliness challenges and practices
in the home are presented in a new chapter.
Special thanks to Jim Kain of The Procter & Gamble Company and Lori
J. Kagan, MPH, for contributions to Chapter 4 and to the SDA member
company experts who reviewed and commented on all the chapters.
© 2006 The Soap and Detergent Association
x© 2006 The Soap and Detergent Association
x