History of European scientific and technological cooperation

Directorate-General For Research And Innovation

Description

Conference held at Firenze, Italy, 9 to 11 November 1995
Research policy and organisation

Informations

• Publié par: DIRECTORATE-GENERAL-FOR-RESEARCH-AND-INNOVATION
• Nombre de lectures: 16
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 7 Mo

Extrait

EUROPEA N
COMMISSIO N
SCIENCE
RESEARCH
DEVELOPMEN T
European Science and Technology Forum
JOH N KRIGE AND
LUC A GUZZETTI (EDS)
HLftoiy
of European
Scientific and
Technologœal
Cooperation
Firenze
9-11 November 1995 History of
European Scientific and
Technological Cooperation
Firenze 9-11 November 1995 A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet.
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int)
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1997
ISBN 92-828-0913-7
© European Communities, 1997
Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged
Printed in Italy
PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER John Krige and Luca Guzzetti (eds.)
History of
European Scientific and
Technological Cooperation Table of contents
Message: Edith Cresson 9
Preface: Antonio Ruberti 11
Editor's note: John Krige and Luca Guzzetti5
Welcome address: Patrick Masterson7
Notes on Contributors 2
PART I: European Organisations,
Centres and Large Facilities for Basic Research 33
Chapter 1: European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) 35
D. Pestre and J. Krige, Some Thoughts on the Early History of CERN
Pierre Darriulat, Commentary on the History of CERN 61
Paul Levaux. on the History of CERN4
Christopher Llewellyn Smith, Today's Viewpoint on CERN7
Debate 72
Chapter 2: European Molecular Biology Organisation (EMBO)
and European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) 75
Michel Morange, EMBO and EMBL 77
Fotis C. Kal'atos, Today's Viewpoint on EMBL 93
Moshe Yaniv, EMBO: Current State and Future
Debate 10
Chapter 3: European Southern Observatory (ESO) 10
Adriaan Blaauw, History of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) 109
Gustav Tammann, The Role of ESO in European Astronomy 120
Riccardo Giacconi, ESO 1993 to 2000 plus 124
Debate 133
Chapter 4: Laue-Langevin Institute (ILL)
and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) 135
Dominique Pcstrc, The Prehistory of the
Franco-German Laue-Langevin Institute 137
Harry Atkinson, Commentary on the History of ILL and ESRF 144
Yves Petroli", Today's Viewpoint on the ESRF 155
Debate 158 PART II: European Organisations, Centres and
Large Facilities for Applied Research 161
Chapter 5: Joint European Torus (JET) 163
Edwin N. Shaw, Joint European Torus 165
John Hill, Commentary on the History of JET 179
Paul-Henri Rebut, Commentary on the History of JET 182
Martin Keilhacker, Today's Viewpoint on JET 187
Debate 191
Chapter 6: European Space Agency (ESA) 193
John Krige, Arturo Russo and Lorenza Sebesta,
Λ Brief History of the European Space Agency 195
George van Reeth, Commentary on the History of ESA 221
Karl Reuter, ES A's Programmes and Plans - Today's View 224
Debate 235
Chapter 7: Joint Research Centre (JRC) 239
Michel Dumoulin, The Joint Research Centre (JRC) 241
Stelio Villani, Commentary on the History of the JRC 257
Jean-Pierre Contzen, Today's Viewpoint on the JRC 260
Debate 265
PART III: European Initiatives for Technological and
Industrial Research 267
Chapter 8: ARIANESPACE 269
Emmanuel Chadeau, Why Was Arianespace Established (¡979)? 271
Werner Inden, Commentary on the History of Arianespace 282
Michel Bignier, on the of Ariane space 284
Bernard Perraud, The European Launcher, Ariane 286
Debate 292
Chapter 9: AIRBUS 295
Claire Shearman, Airbus Industry 297
Walter Kroll, Commentary on the History of Airbus 312
Wolfgang Schneider, The Airbus Programme - Today's Viewpoint 316
Debate 320
Chapter 10: EUREKA 321
John Peterson, EUREKA. A Historical Perspective 323
Bertel Haarder, Commentary on the History of Eureka 346
Debate 349 PART IV: European Networks for Scientific and
Technological Cooperation 351
Chapter 11: COST3
Jean-Luc Roland, The History of COST:
An Unexpected Successful Cooperation5
Nicolas Roulet, Commentary on the History of COST 369
Max Metzger, Today's Viewpoint on COST 372
Debate 376
Chapter 12: European Science Foundation (ESF)
Gérard Darmon, European Science Foundation: Towards a History 381
Peter Fricker, A New Direction for ESF 40
Debate 408
Chapter 13: European Union (EU)9
Luca Guzzetti, The Development of the Bases for a Community Science
and Technology Policy in the Early Seventies 411
André Danzin, Commentary on the History of R&D in the European Union 420
Jorma Routti, Today's viewpoint on European Union's R&D 425
Debate 43
PART V: ROUND TABLE5
Welcome address: Mario Primicerio 437
Historical Synthesis: John Krige9
Chapter 14: European S&T cooperation: Future Prospects 44
Chairman: Hubert Curien 44
Participants: Christopher Llewellyn Smith, Riccardo Giacconi,
Karl-Egon Reuter, John Kendrew, Bertel Haarder, Antonio Ruberti,
Josef Rembser, Eugen Seibold
Debate 473
Index of Names9
Index of Organisations and Programmes 48