Innovation policy issues in six candidate countries

European Commission Directorate-General For Enterprise And Industry

Description

The challenges : Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia
Research policy and organisation
Enterprise
Target audience: All

Informations

• Publié par: EUROPEAN-COMMISSION-DIRECTORATE-GENERAL-FOR-ENTERPRISE-AND-INDUSTRY
• Nombre de lectures: 16
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 20 Mo

Extrait

Innovation papers No 7 6
Innovation policy issues in
six candidate countries:
The challenges
A publication from the Innovation/SMEs programme part of the Fifth Research Framework Programme PREVIOUS INNOVATION PAPERS
1. Statistics on innovation in Europe, 2000 edition
2. Innovation policy in a knowledge-based economy (EUR 1 7023)
3. European trend chart on innovation: Innovation policy in Europe 2000
4. Getting more innovation from public research (EUR 1 7026)
5. European innovative enterprises: Lessons from successful application of research results to dynamic
markets (EUR 1 7024)
6. Corporate venturing in Europe (EUR 1 7029)
7. Funding of new technology based firms by commercial banks in Europe (EUR 1 7025)
8. Innovation management: Building competitive skills in SMEs
9. Promoting innovation management techniques in Europe (EUR 17022)
10. Enforcing small firms' patent rights (EUR 1 7032)
11. Building an innovative economy in Europe (EUR 1 7043)
12. Informal investors and high-tech entrepreneurship (EUR 17030)
1 3. Training needs of investment analysts (EUR 1 7031)
14. Interim assessment of the l-TEC pilot project (EUR 1 7033)
15. Guarantee mechanisms for financing innovative technology (EUR 17041) European Commission
Innovation policy issues
in six candidate countries:
The challenges
CYPRUS, CZECH REPUBLIC, ESTONIA,
HUNGARY, POLAND AND SLOVENIA
AIDE A LA DECISION ECONOMIQUE S.A.
IN ASSOCIATION WITH
THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON SCHOOL
OF SLAVONIC AND EAST EUROPEAN STUDIES
AND THE MAASTRICHT ECONOMIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE
ON INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY
Directorate-General for Enterprise
EUR 17036 LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the European Commission, nor any person action on behalf of the Commission is responsible
for the use which might be made of the following Information.
The views of this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policies of the
European Commission.
A great deal of additional Information on the European Union is available on the Internet.
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int).
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2001
ISBN 92-894-1753-6
© European Communities, 2001
Printed in Italy
PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER ADEl MERIT IS5EES
Contents I 3
Executive Summary
Chapter 1 Introduction 43
1.1 Enlargement & innovation 43
1.2 Objectives and methodology 45
1.3 Structure of the report 47
Chapter 2 The environment for innovation
in the six candidate countries 49
2.1 How has the transition process influenced
50 innovation in enterprises?
2. 1.1 Economic reforms, growth and productivity 50
2.1.2 54 The macroeconomic and financial environment
56 2.1.3 Privatisation: effects on innovation performance
2.1.4 Internationalisation of trade: a shift to higher
technology content exports 58
2.1.5 Foreign direct investment: an important driver
of productivity and technological change 60
2.1.6 New firm creation: evidence
62 from the candidate countries
2.1.7 64 Conclusions
2.2 Assessing innovation performance
66 in the candidate countries
2.2.1 66 Human resources for innovation
2.2.2 72 Knowledge creation
2.2.3 76 Transmission and application of knowledge
2.2.4 Framework conditions for innovation :
79 finance and information technologies
84 2.2.5 Towards an innovation scoreboard for the CC6
INNOVATION POLICY IN SIX CANDIDATE COUNTRIES THE CHALLENGES ADE! MERIT I SSEES
4 I 2.3 The legal and administrative environment for innovation 85
2.3.1 Institutional and regulatory changes
In the six countries: an overview 86
2.3.2 The legal environment for business9
2.3.3 Competition and state aid policy 90
Chapter 3 Is there an innovation policy
in the candidate countries ?7
3.1 The institutional framework for innovation policy matters 9
3.2 Developments in innovation policy 109
Chapter 4 Strengthening human resources
for enterprise innovation 123
4.1 Training and human resources programmes
in favour of innovation
4.1.1 Training systems and enterprise development 12
4.1.2 Key issues arising from country analysis6
4.2 Awareness and use of innovation
management techniques (IMT) 132
4.2.1 Innovation management
and enterprise development
4.2.2 Key issues arising from country reports6
4.2.3 Support for IMT acquisition in the business sector 1 38
Chapter 5 Business innovation interfaces
and support measures 143
5.1 Research community - industry co-operation4
5.2 Support for start-ups and new technology based firms 149
5.3 Business networks for innovation 152
Chapter 6 Challenges for innovation policy
in the candidate countries7
6.1 A culture of innovation ?
6.2 Key conclusions 161
6.3 Challenges and policy options8
INNOVATION POLICY IN SIX CANDIDATE COUNTRIES THE CHALLENGES ADE I MERITI SSEES
175 Annexes
Innovation scoreboard - definitions 175
Members of the study team 176 s of the multinational expert panel 177
179 References
Working papers prepared for this study 179
Other references 180
Technical Specifications 183
List of tables
"Innovation scoreboard" 2001 for the CC6 82 ι
2 Summary of EBRD selected institutional
87 and legal transition indicators (2000)
3 94 Corporate taxation in the six candidate countries
4 Key findings of ETF analysis relevant
to enterprise or innovation policy 124
ISO standard certification in selected countries (1994-99) 134
INNOVATION POLICY IN SIX CANDIDATE COUNTRIES THE CHALLENGES ADE I MERIT I SSEES
List of figures
1 The study process 46
2 GDP per capita PPP, euro 1999 51
3P growth rates and forecasts 2000-2002
(annual percentage change)2
4 Annual % change in labour productivity in manufacturing 53
5 Domestic credit provided
by banking sector as % of GDP, 19995
6 Private sector share in GDP (mid-2000) 5
7 High-tech exports as % of manufacturing exports, 19999
8 FDI inflow as % of GDP, average 1997-98 60
9 Rate of creation of new enterprise (1995-98)2
10 Relative importance of new enterprises founded
by entrepreneurs with higher education, 19983
11 Supply side difficulties as perceived
by new active enterprises. Average 1995-1998 64
12 Total expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP 67
13 Economically active population by level of education8
14 Share of industry in employment 1999
15e of gross expenditure on R&D in GNP, 1998 73
16 Relative orientation of R&D systems of CC54
17 Share of innovative firms in manufacturing6
18 Intensity of innovation activity.
The share ofn expenditure
in the sales revenue of enterprises 77
19 Venture capital as a percentage of GDP 1995-99 79
20 Personal computers per 1,000 people, 1999 80
21 Internet hosts per 10,000 people, July 20001
22 Importance of barriers to economic freedom (2001 )
(scale 1 to 5, 1=lowest barriers) 88
23 Institutional framework: Cyprus 9
INNOVATION POLICY IN SIX CANDIDATE COUNTRIES THE CHALLENGES ADE I MERITI SSEES
24 Institutional framework: Czech republic 100
25l: Estonia1
26l framework: Hungary3
27 Institutional: Poland5
28l framework: Slovenia7
29 Timeline of selected official
"innovation policy" developments 110
30 Iso 9000 certificates per 1 mn population, 1998 13
31o 9000s per GNPppp and trade openness6
INNOVATION POLICY IN SIX CANDIDATE COUNTRIES THE CHALLENGES ADE I MERIT I SSEES
List of boxes
1 Priority issues of the study 45
2 FDI, ownership and R&D in Estonia 61
3 Skills deficits in IT and policy responses 7
4 Adapting state aids to EU regulations in Hungary 9
5 Emerging issues
for innovation policy in Cyprus 113
6g issues
for innovation policy in the Czech Republic5
7 Emerging issues
for innovation policy in Estonia6
8g issues
for innovation policy in Hungary8
9 Emerging issues
for innovation policy in Poland 119
10g issues
for innovation policy in Slovenia 122
11 Cyprus: co-ordination of monitoring
and analysis of training needs.7
12 Czech Republic: innovation related courses
in higher education8
13 Examples of foreign donor support
for innovation related studies 130
14 A successful strategy of co-operation
between science and industry:
As Silmet group in Estonia 146
15 Diversity of forms of co-operation
between business and higher education
institutes in Hungary7
16 Vertical network relationships
in the Czech Republic : the case of VW/Skoda 153
17 The "a to z" furniture consortium in Cyprus5
18 Innovation as an integrated function
in companies - ETI in Slovenia 160
INNOVATION POLICY IN SIX CANDIDATE COUNTRIES THE CHALLENGES