Lameness of the Horse - Veterinary Practitioners' Series, No. 1

John Victor Lacroix

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• Publié par: ipsyo
• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 20
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

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The Project Gutenberg eBook, Lameness of the Horse, by John Victor Lacroix This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Lameness of the Horse Veterinary Practitioners' Series, No. 1 Author: John Victor Lacroix Release Date: July 27, 2005 [eBook #16370] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LAMENESS OF THE HORSE*** E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Julia Miller, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) Transcriber's Notes: The original text was inconsistent in the use of accents and hyphenation. These variants and a small number of typographical errors were maintained in this transcription. A complete list of the variant spellings is found at the end of the book along with the list of typographical errors. The Table of Contents lists the Authorities Cited section as preceding the Index but it was printed following the Index. This order has been maintained in this transcription and the links from the Table of Contents go to the appropriate section rather than the page number. VETERINARY PRACTITIONERS' SERIES NO. 1 LAMENESS of the HORSE BY J.V. Lacroix, D.V.S. Professor of Surgery, The Kansas City Veterinary College Author of "Animal Castration" Illustrated Chicago AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 1916 PREFACE All that can be known on the subject of lameness, is founded on a knowledge of anatomy and of the physiology of locomotion. Without such knowledge, no one can master the principles of the diagnosis of lameness. However, it must be assumed that the readers are informed on these subjects, as it is impossible to include this fundamental instruction in a work so brief as this one. The technic of certain operative or corrective procedures, has been described at length only where such methods are not generally employed. Where there is no departure from the usual methods, treatment that is essentially within the domain of surgery or practice is not given in specific detail. Realizing the need for a treatise in the English language dealing with diagnosis and treatment of lameness, the author undertook the preparation of this manuscript. That the difficulties of depicting by means of word-pictures, the symptoms evinced in baffling cases of lameness, presented themselves in due course of writing, it is needless to say. It is hoped that this volume will serve its readers to the end that the handling of cases of lameness will become a more satisfactory and successful part of their work; that both the practitioner and his clients may profit thereby; and last but by no means least, that the horse, which has given such incalculable service to mankind and is deserving of a more concrete reward, will be benefited by the application of the principles herein outlined. In addition to the consultation of standard works bearing on various phases of the subject of lameness, the author wishes to thankfully acknowledge helpful advice and assistance received from the publisher, Dr. D.M. Campbell; to appreciatively credit Drs. L.A. Merillat, A. Trickett and F.F. Brown for valuable suggestions given from time to time. Particular acknowledgment is made to Dr. Septimus Sisson, author, and W.B. Saunders & Co., publishers of The Anatomy of Domestic Animals, for permission to use a number of illustrations from that work. J.V.L. Chicago, Illinois, October, 1916. Justice shows a triumphant face at the works of humane practitioners, who give serious thought and expend honest effort, for the alleviation of animal suffering. TABLE OF CONTENTS Illustrations Introduction SECTION I Etiology and Occurrence Affections of Bones Rarefying Osteitis, or Degenerative Changes Fractures Affections of Ligaments Luxations—Dislocations Arthritis Affections of Bursae and Thecae Affections of Muscles and Tendons Affections of Nerves Affections of Blood Vessels Affections of Lymph Vessels and Glands Affections of the Feet 15 15 16 16 20 21 22 27 28 30 31 32 34 Page 7 11 SECTION II Diagnostic Principles Anamnesis Visual Examination Attitude of the Subject Examination by Palpation Passive Movements Observing the Character of the Gait Special Methods of Examination SECTION III Lameness in the Fore Leg Anatomo-Physiological Review of Parts of the Fore Leg Shoulder Lameness Fracture of the Scapula Scapulohumeral Arthritis Infectious Arthritis Injuries Wounds Luxation of the Scapulohumeral Joint Inflammation of the Bicipital Bursa Contusions of the Triceps Brachii Shoulder Atrophy (Sweeny) Paralysis of the Suprascapular Nerve Radial Paralysis Thrombosis of the Brachial Artery Fracture of the Humerus Inflammation of the Elbow Fracture of the Ulna Fracture of the Radius Wounds of the Anterior Brachial Region Inflammation and Contraction of the Carpal Flexors Fracture and Luxation of the Carpal Bones Carpitis Open Carpal Joint Thecitis and Bursitis Fracture of the Metacarpus Splints Open Fetlock Joint Phalangeal Exostosis (Ringbone) Open Sheath of the Flexors of the Phalanges Luxation of the Fetlock Joint Sesamoiditis Fracture of the Proximal Sesamoids Inflammation of the Posterior Ligaments of the Pastern Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Fracture of the First and Second Phalanges Tendinitis (Inflammation of the Flexor Tendons) Chronic Tendinitis and Contraction of the Flexor Tendons 55 61 62 65 66 66 67 67 68 71 73 75 77 81 82 84 86 87 90 93 96 98 100 104 106 107 110 118 124 125 127 128 129 131 135 137 37 38 39 41 43 47 48 53 Contracted Tendons of Foals Rupture of the Flexor Tendons and Suspensory Ligament Thecitis and Bursitis in the Fetlock Region Arthritis of the Fetlock Joint Ossification of the Cartilages of the Third Phalanx Navicular Disease Laminitis Calk Wounds (Paronychia) Corns Quittor Nail Punctures SECTION IV Lameness in the Hind Leg 143 146 150 152 155 157 160 170 172 174 178 Anatomo-Physiological Consideration of the Pelvic Limbs 185 Hip Lameness 195 Fractures of the Pelvic Bones 196 Fractures of the Femur 199 Luxation of the Femur 201 Gluteal Tendo-Synovitis 203 Paralysis of the Hind Leg 204 Paralysis of the Femoral (Crural) Nerve 204 Paralysis of the Obturator Nerve 206 Paralysis of the Sciatic Nerve 208 Iliac Thrombosis 209 Fracture of the Patella 212 Luxation of the Patella 213 Chronic Gonitis 217 Open Stifle Joint 220 Fracture of the Tibia 222 Rupture and Wounds of the Tendo Achillis 224 Spring-Halt (String-Halt) 225 Open Tarsal Joint 229 Fracture of the Fibular Tarsal Bone (Calcaneum) 230 Tarsal Sprains 232 Curb 233 Spavin (Bone Spavin) 235 Distension of the Tarsal Joint Capsule (Bog Spavin) 242 Distension of the Tarsal Sheath of the Deep Digital Flexor (Thoroughpin) 246 Capped Hock 251 Rupture and Division of the Long Digital Extensor (Extensor Pedis) 253 Wounds from Interfering 255 Lymphangitis 257 Authorities Cited 265 Index 267 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Fig. 1—Hoof Testers 53 Fig. 2—Muscles of Left Thoracic Limb, Lateral View 56 Fig. 3—Muscles of Left Thoracic Limb, Medial View 57 Fig. 4—Sagital Section of Digit and Distal Part of Metacarpus 59 Fig. 5—Ordinary Type of Heavy Sling 62 Fig. 6—A Sling Made in Two Parts 63 Fig. 7—Paralysis of the Suprascapular Nerve of Left Shoulder 76 Fig. 8—Radial Paralysis 78 Fig. 9—Merillat's Method of Fixing Carpus in Radial Paralysis 79 Fig. 10—Contraction of Carpal Flexors, "Knee Sprung" 95 Fig. 11—Pericarpal Inflammation and Enlargement Due to Injury 99 Fig. 12—Hygromatous Condition of the Right Carpus 100 Fig. 13—Carpal Exostosis in Aged Horse 101 Fig. 14—Exostosis of Carpus Resultant from Carpitis 102 Fig. 15—Distal End of Radius, Illustrating Effects of Carpitis 102 Fig. 16—Posterior View of Radius, Illustrating Effects of Splint 108 Fig. 17—Phalangeal Exosteses 120 Fig. 18—Rarefying Osteitis in Chronic Ringbone 121 Fig. 19—Phalangeal Exostoses in Chronic Ringbone 122 Fig. 20—Contraction of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon Due to Tendinitis 138 Fig. 21—Contraction of Deep Flexor Tendon Due to Tendinitis 139 Fig. 22—Chronic Case of Contraction of Both Flexor Tendons of the Phalanges 140 Fig. 23—Contraction of Superficial and Deep Flexor Tendons 141 Fig. 24—Contraction of Superficial Digital Flexor and Slight Contraction of Deep Flexor Tendon 142 Fig. 25—"Fish Knees" 145 Fig. 26—Extreme Dorsal Flexion 146 Fig. 27—A Good Style of Shoe for Bracing the Fetlock 148 Fig. 28—The Roberts Brace in Operation 149 Fig. 29—Distension of Theca of Extensor of the Digit 151 Fig. 30—Rarefying Osteitis Wherein Articular Cartilage Was Destroyed 153 Fig. 31—Ringbone and Sidebone 156 Fig. 32—Position Assumed by Horse Having Unilateral Navicular Disease 159 Fig. 33—The Hoof in Chronic Laminitis 165 Fig. 34—Effects of Laminitis 166 Fig. 35—Cochran Shoe, Inferior Surface 168 Fig. 36—Cochran Shoe, Superior Surface 169 Fig. 37—Hyperplasia of Eight Forefoot Due to Chronic Quittor 176 Fig. 38—Chronic Quittor, Left Hind Foot 177 Fig. 39—Skiagraph of Foot 179 Fig. 40—Sagital Section of Eight Hock 186 Fig. 41—Muscles of Right Leg; Front View 187 Fig. 42—Muscles of Lower Part of Thigh, Leg and Foot 189 Fig. 43—Right Stifle Joint; Lateral View Fig. 44—Left Stifle Joint; Medial View Fig. 45—Left Stifle Joint; Front View Fig. 46—Oblique Fracture of the Femur Fig. 47—Fracture of Femur After Six Months' Treatment Fig. 48—Aorta and Its Branches Showing Location of Thrombi Fig. 49—Thrombosis of the Aorta, Iliacs and Branches Fig. 50—Chronic Gonitis Fig. 51—Position Assumed in Gonitis Fig. 52—Spring-halt Fig. 53—Lateral View of Tarsus Showing Effects of Tarsitis Fig. 54—Right Hock Joint Fig. 55—Spavin Fig. 56—Bog Spavin Fig. 57—Thoroughpin Fig. 58—Fibrosity of Tarsus in Chronic Thoroughpin Fig. 59—Another View of Case Shown in Fig. 58 Fig. 60—"Capped Hock" Fig. 61—Chronic Lymphangitis Fig. 62—Elephantiasis 190 191