Lippincott's Magazine of Popular Literature and Science - Volume 15, No. 88, April, 1875

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• Publié par: fawyong
• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 51
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

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The Project Gutenberg EBook of Lippincott's Magazine Of Popular Literature And Science, April 1875, Vol. XV., No. 88, by Various This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Lippincott's Magazine Of Popular Literature And Science, April 1875, Vol. XV., No. 88 Author: Various Release Date: December 11, 2004 [EBook #14324] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIPPINCOTT'S MAGAZINE *** Produced by Juliet Sutherland, David Gundry and the PG Online Distributed Proofreading Team Transcriber's Note: The Table of Contents and the list of illustrations were added by the transcriber. LIPPINCOTT'S MAGAZINE OF POPULAR LITERATURE AND SCIENCE . APRIL, 1875. Vol. XV, No. 88 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page AUSTRALIAN SCENES AND ADVENTURES. CONCLUDING PAPER. THE GOLDEN EAGLE AND HIS EYRIE by W. A. BAILLIE-GROHMAN. THREE FEATHERS by WILLIAM BLACK. CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXII. MABYN DREAMS. FERN IN DIE WELT. "BLUE IS THE SWEETEST." THE EXILE"S RETURN. 415 420 424 428 433 434 393 407 SONNET by F. A. HILLARD. NICE by R. DAVEY. THE RASKOL, AND SECTS IN RUSSIA. I. ORIGIN OF THE RASKOL. 444 451 457 463 II. OPPOSITION TO MODERN CIVILIZATION. III. INTERNAL DIVISIONS. ELEANOR'S CAREER by ITA ANIOL PROKOP. AN AMERICAN LADY'S OCCUPATIONS SEVENTY YEARS AGO by ETHEL C. GALE. A MARCH VIOLET by EMMA LAZARUS. WHAT IS A CONCLAVE? by T. ADOLPHUS TROLLOPE. MONSOOR PACHA by GEORGE H. BOKER. HOW HAM WAS CURED by JENNIE WOODVILLE. ON THE STUDY OF SHAKESPEARE'S SONNETS by KATE HILLARD. 475 481 482 491 492 497 OUR MONTHLY GOSSIP. ARTISTS' MODELS IN ROME by T. A. T. FAUST IN POLAND by E. C. R. A LETTER FROM HAVANA by F. C. N. FRENCH SLANG by F. A. NOTES. LITERATURE OF THE DAY. Books Received. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 507 510 511 514 517 518 519 FOREST OF COCKATOOS. SYDNEY. ASTROLABE AND ZÉLÉE ON CORAL REEFS CANNIBAL FIRES. MONUMENT TO BURKE AND WILLS. BAS-RELIEF: RETURN TO COOPER'S CREEK. BAS-RELIEF: DEATH OF BURKE. BAS-RELIEF: FINDING OF BURKE. VALLEY OF LAUNCESTON, VAN DIEMEN'S LAND. COURSE OF THE TAMAR, VAN DIEMEN'S LAND. GORGE OF THE TAMAR, VAN DIEMEN'S LAND. HOBART TOWN. ON THE WAY TO THE WOOD-DRIFT. OUR ARRIVAL AT THE DRIFT-KEEPER'S COTTAGE. INTERIOR OF TOMERL'S COTTAGE. "FIXING THE BOAT-HOOK INTO AN INDENTATION, I PULLED MYSELF IN." ENTERING THE EYRIE. FOOTNOTES. [Pg 393] AUSTRALIAN SCENES AND ADVENTURES. CONCLUDING PAPER. FOREST OF COCKATOOS. People who go to Australia expecting every other man they meet to be a convict, and every convict a ruffian in felon's garb, will assuredly find themselves mistaken. And if contemplating a residence in Sydney or Melbourne they need not anticipate the necessity of living in a tent or a shanty, nor yet of accepting the society of convicts or negroes as the only alternative to a life of solitude. Neither will it be necessary to go armed with revolvers by day, nor to place plate and jewels under guard at night. Sydney, the capital of the penal colony, is a quiet, orderly city, abounding in villas and gardens, churches and schools, and about its well-lighted streets ride and walk well-dressed and well-bred people, whose visages betray neither the ruffian nor the cannibal. Some of them may be convicts or "ticket-of-leave-men," but this a stranger would need to be told, as they dress like others, their equipages are quite as stylish, and many of them not only amass more property, but are really more honest, than some of those never sentenced, because they know that the continuance of their freedom depends on their reputation. [Pg 394] SYDNEY . The city, built on the south side of a beautiful lake, is perfectly unique in design, being composed of five broad promontories, looking like the five fingers of a hand slightly expanded. All the important streets run from east to west, and each terminates in a distinct harbor, while clearly visible from the upper portion of the street is a grand moving panorama of vessels of every description, with masts, sails and colors that seem peering out from every interstice between the houses. Each day witnesses the arrival and departure of eight or ten steamers, ferry-boats leave every half hour all the principal landings for the various sections of the city, and the wharves are lined with the shipping of every nation, many of the vessels ranging from fifteen hundred to two thousand tons burden. On a huge rock in Watson's Bay stands the lighthouse at the entrance of Port Jackson. The sea lashes the black rock with ceaseless fury, the light from the summit rendering even the base visible at a great distance. The light is 350 feet above the level of the sea, yet it was almost under its very rays that the good shi p Dunbar came to grief. Missing the passage, she was engulfed in the raging sea, and her three hundred and ninety passengers perished in full view of the homes they were seeking. Orange and almond trees, with other tropical plants, loaded with blossoms and fruit, beautify the lowlands, while in more elevated localities are found the fruits and foliage of the temperate zone, very many of them exotics brought by the settlers from their English homes. Down to the very water's edge extends the verdure of tree and shrub, overshadowing to the right Fort Jackson, and to the left Middle Harbor. The Government House commands the bay with the imposing mien of a fortress, and the magnificent reception-rooms are worthy of a sovereign's court. The garden surrounding it occupies a beautiful promontory, its borders washed by the sea, the walks shaded by trees imported from Europe, and the whole parterre redolent with tropical beauty and fragrance. On [Pg 395] the promenades are frequently assembled at evening two or three hundred ladies and gentlemen in full dress, while military bands discourse sweet music for the entertainment of the brilliant throng. Ballarat may be called the city of gold; Melbourne, of clubs, democracy and thriving commerce; Hobart Town takes the premium for hospitality and picturesque beauty; but Sydney bears the impress of genuine English aristocracy, in combination with a sort of Creole piquancy singularly in contrast with English exclusiveness, yet giving a wonderful charm to the society of this city of high life, so full of gayety, brilliancy and luxury. Who would recognize in the Sydney of to-day, with its four hundred thousand inhabitants, its churches, theatres and libraries, the outgrowth of the penal colony of Botany Bay, planted only eighty-seven years ago on savage shores? It was in May, 1787, that the first colony left England for Botany Bay, a squadron of eleven vessels, carrying eleven hundred and eighteen colonists to make a lodgment on an unknown shore inhabited by savages. Of these eleven hundred and eighteen, there were six hundred male and two hundred and fifty female convicts, the remaining portion being composed of officers and soldiers to take charge of the new penal settlement, under the command of Governor Phillip. From so unpromising a beginning has grown the present rich and flourishing settlement, and in lieu of the few temporary shanties erected by the first colonists there stands a magnificent city of more than ordinarily fine architecture, with banks and hospitals, schools and churches—among the latter a superb cathedral—all displaying the proverbial prodigality of labor and expense for which the English are noted in the erection and adornment of their public edifices. Among the educational establishments are the English University, with a public hall like that of Westminster; St. John's College (Catholic); and national primary and h i g h schools, where are educated about thirty-four thousand pupils at an annual expense to the government of more than three hundred thousand dollars. From the parent colony have sprung others, while the poverty and corruption that were the distinguishing features of the original element have been gradually lost in the more recent importations of honest and respectable citizens. [Pg 396] Apart from the wealth and gayety of Sydney, there is much in its various grades of society to interest the average tourist. The "ticket-of-leave men"—that is, convicts who, having served out a portion of their term and been favorably reported for good conduct, are permitted to go at large and begin life anew —form a distinct class, and exert a widespread influence by their wealth, benevolence and commercial enterprise. ASTROLABE AND ZÉLÉE ON CORAL REEFS Very many of the better class are talented and well educated, with the manners and appearance of gentlemen; and in some cases there has been perhaps but th e single crime for which they suffered expatriation and disgrace. Such as these, as a rule, conduct themselves with propriety from the moment of being sentenced; never murmur at their work or discipline, be it ever so hard; and probably after a single year of hardship are favorably reported, and permitted to seek or make homes for themselves. Many of them own bank shares and real estate, and some become immensely rich, either by ability or chance goodfortune. The property is their own, but the owners are always watched by those in power, and are liable at any moment to be ordered back to their old positions. These "remanded men" are treated with the greatest severity, and few have sufficient power of endurance to live out even a short term with its increase of rigor and hardship. Yet to the energy and enterprise of the liberated felons is probably due, more than to any other cause, that increase of prosperity which has long since rendered these colonies not only self-supporting, but a source of revenue to the Crown. [Pg 397] CANNIBAL FIRES. Another and the most dangerous class of convicts are those known as