Manners and Monuments of Prehistoric Peoples

Jean-François-Albert Du Pouget Nadaillac

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• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
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Title: Manners and Monuments of Prehistoric Peoples
Author: The Marquis de Nadaillac
Release Date: July, 2002 [EBook #3309]
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[This file was first posted on January 3, 2004]
Edition: 10
Language: English
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*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PREHISTORIC PEOPLES ***
This Etext Created by Jeroen Hellingman [e-mail]
Fossil Man of Mentone.
Manners and Monuments of Prehistoric
Peoples
By The Marquis de Nadaillac Correspondent of the Institute
Author of “L'Amérique Préhistorique,” “Les Premiers
Hommes et les Temps Préhistoriques,” etc. With 113
illustrations
Translated by Nancy Bell (N. D'Anvers) Author of “The
Elementary History of Art,” “The Life-Story of Our Earth,”
“The Story of Early Man,” etc.
G. P. Putnam's sons New York 27 West Twenty-Third Street London 24 Redford Street, Strand
The Knickerbocker Press 1894Copyright, 1892 by Nancy Bell
Electrotyped, Printed, and Bound by The Knickerbocker Press, New York
G. P. Putnam's Sons
Translator's Note
The present volume has been translated, with the author's consent, from the French of the
Marquis de Nadaillac. The author and translator have carefully brought down to date the original
edition, embodying the discoveries made during the progress of the work. The book will be found
to be an epitome of all that is known on the subject of which it treats, and covers ground not at
present occupied by any other work in the English language.
Nancy Bell (N. D'Anvers).
Southbourne-On-Sea,
1891.
Contents.
Chapter Page
I. The Stone Age, its Duration, and its Place in Time 1
II. Food, Cannibalism, Mammals, Fish, Hunting and Fishing, Navigation 47
III. Weapons, Tools, Pottery; Origin of the Use of Fire, Clothing, Ornaments; Early 79
Artistic Efforts
IV. Caves, Kitchen-Middings, Lake Stations, “Terremares,” Crannoges, Burghs, 127
“Nurhags,” “Talayoti,” and “Truddhi”
V. Megalithic Monuments 174
VI. Industry, Commerce, Social Organization; Fights, Wounds and Trepanation 231
VII. Camps, Fortifications, Vitrified Forts; Santorin; the Towns upon the Hill of 279
Hissarlik
VIII. Tombs 343
Index 383
page vii
Illustrations.
Figure Page
Fossil man from Mentone. Frontispiece
1. Stone weapons described by Mahudel in 1734. 8
2. Copper hatchets found in Hungary and now in national museum of 20
Budapest.
3. Copper beads from Connett's Mound, Ohio (natural size). 21
4. Stone statues on Easter Island. 37
5. Fort-hill, Ohio. 39
6. Group of sepulchral mounds. 407. Ground plan of a pueblo of the Mac-Elmo valley. 41
8. Cliff-house on the Rio Mancos. 42
9. House in a rock of the Montezuma cañon. 43
10. 1. Fragments of arrows made of reindeer horn from the Martinet cave (Lot-et- 61
Garonne). 2. Point of spear or harpoon in stag-horn (one third natural size).
3. and 4. Bone weapons from Denmark. 5. Harpoon of stag-horn from St.
Aubin. 6. Bone fish-hooks pointed at each end, from Waugen.
11. Bear's teeth converted into fish-hooks. 62
12. Fish-hook made out of a boar's tusk. 62
13. A. Large barbed arrow from one side of the Plan Lade shelter (Tarn-et- 65
Garonne). B. Lower part of a barbed harpoon from the Plantade deposit.
14. Ancient Scandinavian boat found beneath a tumulus at Gogstadten. 73
15. Ancient boat discovered in the bed of the Cher. 75page viii
16. A lake pirogue found in the Lake of Neuchâtel. 1. As seen outside. 2. and 3. 76
Longitudinal and transverse sections. Stones used as anchors, found in the
Bay of Penhouet.
17. 1, 2, 3. Stones weighing about 160 lbs. each. 4. and 5. Lighter stones, 80
probably used for canoes.
18. Scraper from the Delaware valley. 82
19. Implement from the Delaware valley. 82
20. Worked flints from the Lafaye and Plantade shelters (Tarn-et-Garonne). 83
21. 1. Stone javelin-head with handle. 2. Stone hatchet with handle. 89
22. 1. Fine needles. 2. Coarse needles. 3. Amulet. 4 and 6. Ornaments. 5. Cut 91
flints. 7. Fragment of a harpoon. 8. Fragments of reindeer antlers with signs
or drawings. 9. Whistle. 10. One end of a bow (?). 11. Arrow-head. (From the
Vache, Massat, and Lourdes caves)
23. Amulet made of the penien bone of a bear and found in the Marsoulas cave. 92
24. Various stone and bone objects from California. 93
25. Dipper found in the excavations at the Chassey camp. 95
26. Pottery of a so far unclassified type found in the Argent cave (France). 98
27. 1. Lignite pendant. 2. Bone pendant. (Thayngen cave). 107
28. Round pieces of skull, pierced with holes (M. de Baye's collection). 110
29. Part of a rounded piece of a human parietal. Stiletto made of the end of a 111
human radius. Disk, made of the burr of a stag's antler.
30. Whistle from the Massenat collection. 112
31. Staff of office. 113
32. Staff of office, made of stag-horn pierced with four holes. 114
33. Staff of office found at Lafaye. 115
34. Staff of office in reindeer antler, with a horse engraved on it (Thayngen). 115page ix
35. Staff of office found at Montgaudier. 117
36. Carved dagger-hilt (Laugerie-Basse). 118
37. The great cave-bear, drawn on a pebble found in the Massat cave (Garrigou 118
collection).
38. Mammoth or elephant from the Una cave. 119
39. Seal engraved on a bear's tooth, found at Sordes. 119
40. Fragment of a bone, with regular designs. Fragment of a rib on which is 120
engraved a musk-ox, found in the Marsoulas cave.
41. Head of a horse from the Thayngen cave. 121
42. Bear engraved on a bone, from the Thayngen cave. 12143. Reindeer grazing, from the Thayngen cave. 122
44. Head of Ovibos moschatus, engraved on wood, found in the Thayngen 123
cave.
45. Young man chasing the aurochs, from Laugerie. 124
46. Fragment of a staff of office, from the Madelaine cave. 125
47. Human face carved on a reindeer antler, found in the Rochebertier cave. 125
48. The glyptodon. 128
49. Mylodon robustus. 129
50. Objects discovered in the peat-bogs of Laybach, A. Earthenware vase. B. 152
Fragment of ornamented pottery. C. Bone needle. D. Earthenware weight
for fishing-net. E. Fragment of jaw bone.
51. Small terra-cotta figures found in the Laybach pile dwellings. 153
52. Small terra-cotta figures from the Laybach pile dwellings. 154
53. Nurhag at Santa Barbara (Sardinia). 168
54. “Talayoti” at Trepuco (Minorca). 170
55. Dolmen of Castle Wellan (Ireland). 175
56. The large dolmen of Careoro, near Plouharnel. 176
57. Dolmen of Arrayolos (Portugal). 177
58. Megalithic sepulchre at Acora (Peru). 178
59. The great broken menhir of Locmariaker with Cæsar's table. 186page x
60. Covered avenue of Dissignac (Loire-Inférieure), view of the chamber at the 189
end of the north gallery.
61. Covered avenue near Antequera. 190
62. Ground plan of the Gavr'innis monument. 191
63. Monoliths at Stennis, in the Orkney Islands. 193
64. Cromlech near Bône (Algeria). 196
65. Dolmen at Pallicondah, near Madras (India). 201
66. Dolmen at Maintenon, with a table about 19½ feet long. 204
67. Part of the Mané-Lud dolmen. 208
68. Sculptures on the menhirs of the covered avenue of Gavr'innis. 210
69. Dolmen with opening (India). 211
70. Dolmen near Trie (Oise). 212
71. Bronze objects found at Krasnojarsk (Siberia). 237
72. Prehistoric polisher near the ford of Beaumoulin, Nemours. 239
73. Section of a flint mine. 242
74. Plan of a gallery of flint mine. 243
75. Picks, hammers, and mattocks made of stag-horn. 245
76. Cranium of a woman from Cro-Magnon (full face). 249
77. Skull of a woman found at Sordes, showing a severe wound, from which 250
she recovered.
78. Fragment of human tibia with exostosis enclosing the end of a flint arrow. 252
79. Fragment of human humerus pierced at the elbow joint (Trou d'Argent). 253
80. Mesaticephalic skull, with wound which has been trepanned. 259
81. Trepanned Peruvian skull. 268
82. Skull from the Bougon dolmen (Deux-Sèvres), seen in profile. 273
83. Trepanned prehistoric skull. 274
84. Prehistoric spoon and button found in a lake station at Sutz. 28785. General view of the station of Fuente-Alamo. 293
86. Group at Liberty (Ohio). 299
87. Trenches at Juigalpa (Nicaragua). 300
88. Vases found at Santorin. 313page xi
89. Vase ending in the snout of an animal, found on the hill of Hissarlik. 325
90. Funeral vase containing human ashes. 326
91. Large terra-cotta vases found at Troy. 327
92. Earthenware pitcher found at a depth of 19½ feet. 328
93. Vase found beneath the ruins of Troy. 328
94. Terra-cotta vase found with the treasure of Priam. 328
95. Vase found beneath the ruins of Troy. 329
96. Earthenware pig found at a depth of 13 feet. 330
97. Vase surmounted by an owl's head, found beneath the ruins of Troy. 331
98. Copper vases found at