The Head Hunters of Northern Luzon

Cornélis De Witt Willcox

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• Publié par: nashog
• Publié le: 08 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 64
• Langue: English

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The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Head Hunters of Northern Luzon From Ifugao to Kalinga, by Cornelis De Witt Willcox This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: The Head Hunters of Northern Luzon From Ifugao to Kalinga A Ride Through the Mountains of Northern Luzon With an Appendix on the Independence of the Philippines Author: Cornelis De Witt Willcox Release Date: October 12, 2005 [EBook #12970] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HEAD HUNTERS *** Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Distributed Proofreaders Team from scans made available by the University of Michigan. The Head Hunters of Northern Luzon [1] From Ifugao to Kalinga A Ride Through the Mountains of Northern Luzon With an Appendix on the Independence of the With an Appendix on the Independence of the Philippines By Cornélis De Witt Willcox, Lieutenant-Colonel U.S. Army, Professor United States Military Academy, Officier d’Académie. Kansas City, Mo., U.S.A. Franklin Hudson Publishing Co., 1912. [2] Copyright 1912 By Franklin Hudson Publishing Company. [3] To J.G.H. [4] Table of Contents. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PREFACE CHAPTER I Highlanders of Northern Luzon.—Meaning of the word Igorrote.—Trails. —The Mountain Province.—Nature of the country. CHAPTER II Annual inspection of the mountain tribes.—We set out from Baguío. —Pangasinán Province.—Agno River.—Reception by the people. CHAPTER III Padre Juan Villaverde.—His great trail.—The beginning of the mountain journey.—Nozo. CHAPTER IV Early start.—Pine forest.—Vegetation.—Rest at Amugan.—The gansa—Boné. CHAPTER V Aritao.—Bubud.—Dúpax.—Start for Campote. CHAPTER VI The Ilongots and their country.—Efforts of our Government to reach these people—The forest trail.—Our first contact with the wild man. CHAPTER VII School at Campote—Our white pony, and the offer made for his tail. CHAPTER VIII Appearance of the Ilongots.—Dress.—Issue of beads and cloth.—Warrior Dance.—School work.—Absence of old women from meeting. CHAPTER IX Return to civilization.—Reception at Bambang.—Aglipayanos and Protestants. CHAPTER X Magat River.—Enthusiastic reception at Bayombong.—Speeches and reports.—Solano.—Ifugao “college yell.”—Bagábag. CHAPTER XI We enter the Mountain Province,—Payawan.—Kiangan, its position. —Anitos.—Speech of welcome by Ifugao chief.—Detachment of native Constabulary.—Visit of Ifugao chiefs to our quarters.—Dancing. CHAPTER XII Day opens badly.—Ifugao houses.—The people assemble.—Dancing. —Speeches.—White paper streamers.—Head-hunter Dance.—Cañao. CHAPTER XIII Dress of the people.—Butchery of carabao.—Prisoner runs amok and is killed. CHAPTER XIV Barton’s account of a native funeral. CHAPTER XV Visit to the Silipan Ifugaos at Andangle.—The Ibilao River.—Athletic feat. —Rest-house and stable at Sabig. CHAPTER XVI Change in aspect of country.—Mount Amuyao and the native legend of the Flood.—Rice terraces.—Benawe.—Mr. Worcester’s first visit to this region.—Sports.—Absence of weapons.—Native arts and crafts. CHAPTER XVII [5] We ride to Bontok.—Bat-nets.—Character of the country.—Ambawan. —Difficulties of the trail.—Bird-scarers.—Talubin.—Bishop Carroll of Vigan.—We reach Bontok.—“The Star-spangled Banner.”—Appearance of the Bontok Igorot.—Incidents. CHAPTER XVIII Importance of Bontok—Head-taking—Atonement for bloodshed.—Sports. —Slapping game. CHAPTER XIX The native village.—Houses.—Pit-a-pit.—Native institutions.—Lumawig. CHAPTER XX We push on north.—Banana skirts.—Albino child.—Pine uplands. —Glorious view. CHAPTER XXI Deep Valley.—A poor ranchería .—Escort of boys.—Descent of Tinglayan Hill.—Sullen reception at Tinglayan.—Bangad.—First view of the Kalingas.—Arrival at Lubuagan. CHAPTER XXII Splendid appearance of the Kalingas.—Dancing.—Lubuagan. —Basi—Councils.—Bustles and braids.—Jewels and weapons. —Excellent houses. CHAPTER XXIII We leave the mountains.—Nanong.—Passage of the Chico.—The Apayao.—Tabuk.—The party breaks up.—Desolate plain—The Cagayán Valley.—Enrile. CHAPTER XXIV Tobacco industry.—Tuguegarao.—Caves.—The Cagayán River. —Barangayans.—Aparri.—Island of Fuga.—Sail for Manila.—Stop at Vigan.—Arrival at Manila. CHAPTER XXV Future of the Highlanders.—Origin of our effort to improve their condition.—Impolicy of any change in present administration.— Transfer of control of wild tribes to Christianized Filipinos.—Comparison of our course with that of the Japanese in Formosa. A PPENDIX [6] List of Illustrations. An Igorot Warrior Hon. Dean C. Worcester Views of the Benguet Road Working on the Benguet Road Padre Juan Villaverde Benguet Road, Zig-zag Tree Fern, Province of Bontok Ilongot Women Native Policemen Reception Committee of Ifugaos Mountain Scene in the Ifugao Country Mountain Scene between Benawe and Kiangan Inaba, Ifugao Village Ifugao Couple with Adornments of a Wedding Ceremony Ifugao Children Headless Body of Ifugao Warrior Ifugao Warrior Typical Ifugao House Ifugao Making Rounds of Granary Anitos, Kiangan Ifugao Chief Making a Speech Conference between Government Officers and the Headmen of the District Ifugao Head-hunter, Full Dress Head-hunter Dance, Kiangan Dancing at Kiangan Ifugaos Dancing Silipan Ifugao Earring Ifugaos Dancing, Benawe Crossing Ibilao River by Flying Trolley Ifugao Head Dance Rice Terraces at Benawe Body of Igorot Girl Prepared for Burial Carabao Fight Igorot Tribunal A Bontok Igorot House Igorot Rice Fields On the Trail from Benguet to Cervantes Bontok Igorot Woman Elaborate Tattooing of the Head-hunter Bontok Igorot Constabulary Soldiers Bontok Igorot Slapping Game Gansas with Human Jaws as Handles Women and Girls Wearing Banana-leaf Skirts New School-house, Bontok Valley of the Rio Chico Kalinga Girl Looking Down the Rio Chico Spiral Camote Patch Madallam, Kalinga Headman Two Headmen of Lubuagan Kalinga Warriors Typical Kalinga House [7] Conference at Lubuagan View of Lubuagan, Capital of Kalinga Kalinga Head-ax Igorot Shield Ifugao Carved Bowl Ifugao Pipe, Carved Figure, and Wooden Spoon Carved Wooden Figurines Map of Northern Luzon [8] Preface. In 1910 the Secretary of the Interior of the Philippine Islands did me the honor to invite me to accompany him on his annual tour of inspection through the Mountain Province of Northern Luzon. In the following pages I have tried to describe what fell under my notice during the journey, with such comments, observations, and conclusions as seemed pertinent. I should like here to thank Mr. Worcester for having invited me to join him, and Major-General Duvall, United States Army, for allowing me to accept. My thanks are also due the various officers and officials of the Insular Government who placed me under obligations by their hospitality and other courtesies and by the never-failing patience with which they received and answered my many questions. To my friend Colonel J.G. Harbord, United States Army, Assistant Director of Constabulary, I am beholden for instructions sent out in advance of the journey to the various Constabulary posts on the itinerary, directing them to offer me every opportunity to accomplish the purpose of my trip. Except where otherwise indicated, the illustrations are from photographs taken either by Mr. Worcester himself, or else under his direction. Some of these, as shown, were lent to me by the National Geographic Magazine of Washington, and others by the Bureau of Insular Affairs of the War Department. My best thanks are due and given in each case. Dr. Heiser was kind enough to let me have a few photographs taken by him. To Lieutenant P.D. Glassford, 2d Regiment of Field Artillery, I am indebted for the map of Northern Luzon and for one or two other illustrations copied from Jenks’ “The Bontoc Igorot”; to Father Malumbres, of the Dominican Monastery in Manila, for information relating to Padre Villaverde and for the portrait of that missionary; it is to be regretted that this portrait should be so unsatisfactory, but it is the only one available. The frontispiece is by Mr. Julian Miller, who has lived in the Igorot country, and whose drawing is from life. C. De W.W. West Point, N.Y., January, 1912. [10] [9] Chapter I. Highlanders of Northern Luzon.—Meaning of the word “Igorot.”—Trails. —The Mountain Province.—Nature of the country. It is to be regretted that the people of the United States should in general show so little interest in the Philippine Islands. This lack of interest may be due to lack of knowledge; if this be so, then it is the duty of those better informed to do all that lies in their power to develop the interest now regrettably absent. Be this as it may, it is assumed here that most of our people do not know that a very large fraction of the inhabitants of the Philippines consists of the so-called wild men, and that of these the greatest group or collection is found in the mountains of Northern Luzon. These mountaineers or highlanders constitute perhaps, all other things being equal, as interesting a body of uncivilized people as is to be found on the face of the earth to-day. The Spaniards, of course, soon discovered their existence, the first mention of them being made by De Morga, in his “Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas” (1609). He speaks1 of them as inhabiting the interior of a rough mountainous country, where are “many natives who are not pacified, nor has anyone gone into their country, who call themselves Ygolotes,” Here we have the first form, the classic form according to Retana, of the word now universally written Igorrote, or in English Igorot. The word itself means “highlanders,” golot being a Tagalog word for “mountain,” and I a prefix meaning “people of.” De Morga mentions the “Ygolotes” as owning rich mines of gold and silver, which “they work as there is need,” and he