The Sports experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender ...

E5024998

Description

QUEER-IDENTIFIED SPORTS ................................................................................................................. 37. GENDER AND SEXUALITY IN SPORT .

Sujets

• Sport

Informations

• Publié par: Sportif
• Nombre de lectures: 134
• Langue: English

Extrait

COME OUT TO PLAY The Sports experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) people in Victoria Caroline Symons Melissa Sbaraglia Lynne Hillier Anne MitchellCOME OUT TO PLAY The Sports experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) people in Victoria. Funded by Victoria University, VicHealth and Asia Pacific Outgames Legacy Fund. Caroline Symons Melissa Sbaraglia Lynne Hillier Anne Mitchell MAY 2010 ISBN 9781921377860 Institue of Sport, Excerise and Active Living (ISEAL) and the School of Sport and Exercise at Victoria University. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................... 2 LIST OF FIGURES ..................................... 3 GLOSSARY .............................................................................................................. 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 6 INTRODUCTION ..................................... 11 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................................ 13 METHOD ................................................ 21 ABOUT THE PARTICIPANTS ................................................................................................................... 23 SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION AT SCHOOL .................. 28 SPORT PARTICIPATION ......................................................................................................................... 32 QUEER-IDENTIFIED SPORTS ................. 37 GENDER AND SEXUALITY IN SPORT ..................................................................................................... 40 SPORTING CLIMATES ............................................................ 47 DISCRIMINATION IN SPORT ................................................................................... 50 TRANSGENDER EXPERIENCES IN SPORT ............................. 56 BENEFITS OF SPORT ................................................................................................ 60 BEST SPORTING EXPERIENCE .............................................................................................................. 61 EXCLUSIONS FROM SPORT ................... 64 UNSAFE SPORTING ENVIRONMENTS .................................................................................................... 68 SAFE, WELCOMING AND INCLUSIVE SPORT POLICIES ......... 71 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................... 80 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................ 83 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................ 84 Come Out To Play 1  ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Come Out To Play was funded by VicHealth, Victoria University and the Asia Pacific Outgames Legacy Fund. The study was conducted by Dr. Caroline Symons and Ms Melissa Sbaraglia from the School of Sport and Exercise and the Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living at Victoria University, and Associate Professor Anne Mitchell and Dr. Lynne Hillier from Gay and Lesbian Health Victoria and the Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University. The community organisation Challenging Homophobia in Sport Initiative (CHISI), which is a sub- committee of Queer Sport Alliance Melbourne (QSAM), and is composed of representatives from Victoria University, Gay and Lesbian Health Victoria, Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission, the RJMTrust, Transgender Victoria and the ALSO Foundation played a central role in this research project. CHISI was involved in the original research design, funding submissions and consulted on survey design, key questions, language used and piloting of the survey. Many of those who helped with the development of the survey also assisted with recruiting participants through their networks. Special mention should go to Dennis Hemphill, Jason Rostant, Kenton Miller, Daniel Witthaus, Sally Goldner, Jim Buckell, Malcolm Campbell, Chloe McCarthy, Rob Mitchell, and to Shelley Maher from VicHealth, for their most valuable input into a number of vital facets of this research project. Special thanks also go to Tim Spratling who built the survey for us in Demographix, and to Sunil Patel, who designed the survey recruitment cards and cover of this report. We are especially indebted to the survey participants who shared their sporting experiences so generously with the project. Published by the Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living and the School of Sport and Exercise Science at Victoria University Come Out To Play 2  LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 SEXUAL IDENTITY OF PARTICIPANTS .................................................................................... 24 FIGURE 2 AGE GROUP DISTRIBUTIONS OF PARTICIPANTS .................................................................. 24 FIGURE 3 HIGHEST EDUCATION ATTAINED BY PARTICIPANTS ............................. 25 FIGURE 4 PARTICIPANT ACTIVITY LEVELS SEVEN DAYS PRIOR TO COMPLETING THE SURVEY ......... 26 FIGURE 5 PARTICIPANT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS ........................................................................... 26 FIGURE 6 PARTICIPANT SELF- RATINGS OF HEALTH ............ 27 FIGURE 7 REASONS FOR NOT CURRENTLY PARTICIPATING IN SPORT OR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ......... 33 FIGURE 8 TOP TEN SPORTS .................................................................................................................. 34 FIGURE 9 PARTICIPATION IN INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM SPORT BY GENDER ............ 34 FIGURE 10 PARTICIPATION IN ORGANISED AND NON-ORGANISED SPORT .......................................... 35 FIGURE 11 PERCENTAGES OF ‘OUT’ PARTICIPANTS VERSUS ‘NOT OUT’ PARTICIPANTS IN MAINSTREAM CLUBS ............................................................................................................................. 36 FIGURE 12 TYPE OF SPORT INVOLVEMENT WHEN THE VERBAL HOMOPHOBIA OCCURRED ............... 50 FIGURE 13 SITES OF VERBAL HOMOPHOBIA ........................................................................................ 51 FIGURE 14 PARTICIPANT REACTIONS TO OCCURRENCES OF VERBAL HOMOPHOBIA 51 FIGURE 15 TYPE OF SPORT INVOLVEMENT WHEN THE SEXISM OCCURRED ....................................... 53 FIGURE 16 SITES OF SEXISM ................................................................................ 54 FIGURE 17 WHAT HAPPENED WHEN THE SEXISM OCCURRED ............................................................. 55 FIGURE 18 PARTICIPANT REACTIONS TO OCCURRENCES OF SEXISM ................ 55 FIGURE 19 REPORTED BENEFITS OF SPORT PARTICIPATION .............................................................. 60 FIGURE 20 ARE THERE ANY SPORTS YOU WOULD LIKE TO PLAY BUT DON’T BECAUSE OF YOUR SEXUALITY? ........................................................................................................................................... 64 FIGURE 21 DOES YOUR CLUB HAVE POLICIES THAT PROMOTE THE SAFETY AND INCLUSION OF LGBT PEOPLE?................ 73 FIGURE 22 ARE CLUB MEMBERS GENERALLY MADE AWARE OF SAFETY AND INCLUSION POLICIES? 73 FIGURE 23 DOES YOUR CLUB HAVE ANTI-DISCRIMINATION POLICIES THAT INCLUDE SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER IDENTITY? ................................................................................................ 74 FIGURE 24 ARE CLUB MEMBERS GENERALLY MADE AWARE OF ANTI-DISCRIMINATION POLICIES? ... 75 Come Out To Play 3  FIGURE 25 HOW WELCOMING IS YOUR CLUB TO ALL GENDERS? ........................................................ 75 FIGURE 26 HOW WELCOMING IS YOUR CLUB TO ALL ETHNICITIES? .................... 76 FIGURE 27 HOW WELCOMING IS YOUR CLUB TO PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES? ................................... 76 FIGURE 28 HOW WELCOMING IS YOUR CLUB TO HETEROSEXUAL PEOPLE? ....... 77 FIGURE 29 HOW WELCOMING IS YOUR CLUB TO NON-HETEROSEXUAL PEOPLE? .............................. 78 FIGURE 30 HOW WELCOMING IS YOUR CLUB TO TRANSGENDER PEOPLE? ........................................ 78 Come Out To Play 4  GLOSSARY Bisexual – people attracted to both sexes in varying degrees. Gay – refers to men who have a primary sexual and romantic attraction to men, but it is also used by women as the way they identify their erotic and romantic attraction for the same-sex. Lesbian – main term used by women who have primary sexual and romantic attraction to women. Gender identity – the self-perception one has of their core identity being male, female, in between or fluid. Heterosexism – the pervasive view within society that heterosexuality is the ‘normal’, even superior, sexual orientation and positions all other sexualities as a deviation from this ‘norm’. Homophobia – prejudice, discrimination, harassment or violence based on a fear, distrust, dislike or hatred of someone who is lesbian, gay or bisexual. Homophobia can be verbal, physical or emotional harassment, insulting or degrading comments, name calling, gestures, taunts, insults or jokes, offensive graffiti, humiliating, excluding, tormenting, ridiculing or threatening, refusing to work or cooperate with others because of their sexual orientation or identity. Mainstream sport – sports clubs, organisations and competitions that operate within the broader community. The membership of mainstream sport is from the broader community. The majority of the mainstream community clubs/organisations in the Come Out To Play research are affiliated with peak state, national and international sports bodies. Physical activity – activities that require some physical exertions and or coor