American Football Guide

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http://www.sportsline.com/nfl/picksheet/ - American football is a descendant of rugby and dates back to 1869. Most notably the rule changes were instituted by Walter Camp, considered the "Father of American Football".

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Publié par	seorumer
Publié le	05 novembre 2017
Nombre de lectures	20
Langue	English
Poids de l'ouvrage	1 Mo

Extrait

A.J.NEWELL “The Football Dude”   

Yank sGuide-The#1GuidetoAmericanFootball Cop 7 yright ©201

Yanks Guide - The #1 Guide to American Football                 Author: AJ Newell     Dreamworld Productions   Copyright © 2017 3rd Edition         BISAC: Sports & Recreation / Football           ISBN-13:978-1475144239 ISBN-10:1475144237

*This eBook is free so share it with whomever                 youlikeaslongasnochangesaremadetoit. This Book is written by a lifelong fan and is not affiliated with the NFL in any way. Photos were retrieved through a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. None of these photographers necessarily endorse the author or this work. Any mention of NFL or Super Bowl or NFL Teams is strictly for educational purposes. This book is intended to be a reference guide for the public at large and curious parties worldwide. The NFL does not necessarily endorse this workoritsauthor.

Topics covered in this guide include:           ●Ame(1can football (ule) and (egulat1on)         ●Ame(1can football team)     ●Ame(1can football ba)1c)     ●Ame(1can football ƢơƢ fo( dumm1e)         ●H1)to(y of ame(1can football       ●Ame(1can football game), po)1t1on) & ove(t1me (ule)             ●How to play G(1d1(on football         ●Ame(1can football league ǉNFLǊ       ●W0at 1) football     ●NFL po)1t1on)   ●How many playe() 1n Ame(1can football game)             ●How many po1nt) 1) a touc0down & f1eld goal                 ●Ame(1can Football D1ct1ona(y / Glo))a(y of te(m)             ●And muc0 mo(e!    



PREFACE This book was written primarily with a Global audience in mind. American Football games are now being played all over the world including several NFL games a year in London. I predict the expansion of American football will continue for many years to come. I titled this book, “Yank’s Guide” because many folks in the UK and Australia often refer to Americans as “Yanks”. American Football is “Yank Football” or “Gridiron Football” to many people around the world, because if you just say ‘football’, most people outside of America will think you are talking about what we in the USA call ‘soccer’.               **Having said that, I know there are many men, women and youngsters in the United States who wouldliketolearnmoreaboutthegamesothisguideisdefinitelyforyoutoo! Bottom line, whether you’re totally clueless or just want more in-depth info to fill in some holes, this guide is for you. Let’s face it, not everybody knows what a nose tackle or a shotgun formation is. Yank’s Guide provides simple explanations of how the game works and translates the various jargon and terms that are commonly used into plain English. You will learn everything quickly and easily with minimum fuss. If you read any term that you do not understand, just refer to the american football glossary inside this book to learn what it means.                              

A(Very)BriefHistoryofAmericanFootball...Americanfootballisadescendantofrugbyanddatesbackto1869.Mostnotablythe rule changes were instituted by Walter Camp, considered the "Father of American Football”.                      

Firstrecorded gameplayed: on November6,1869,Rutgersvs. Princet TheObjectoftheGame The object of the game is to outscore the other opponent. The team who has scored the most points when time has expired wins. If the score is tied when all four quarters have expired then the game goes into overtime.         The Finer Points     Every game starts with a kick-off. From that point the game is on and each team will try to implement a game plan and start scoring points. The offense will try to score points and the defense will try to stop the offense from scoring points. To stop the offense from advancing the ball, the defense must tackle the player with the ball by knocking him down. Defensive players must use some form of physical contact and force to bring the ball-carrier to the ground. Tacklers                                 ab cannotkick,punchtrip,orgr thefacemaskoftherunnerortheywillbecalledforapenalty.

Field The  Football is played on a rectangular field 120 yards long by 53 1/3 yards wide. The boundary lines are called sidelines. Near each end of the field is a goal line; they are 100 yards apart.                                  

A scoring area called the end zone extends 10 yards beyond each goal line. At the back of each end zone are two goal posts (also called uprights) Yard lines cross the field every 5 yards, and are numbered from each goal line to the 50-yard line (midfield). Two rows of lines, known as hash marks, run parallel the side lines near the middle of the field. All plays start with the ball on or between the hash marks.         Scoring To score points a team must advance the football into the opposing team's end zone. The ball can be advanced by carrying, throwing or handing it from one teammate to the other. Points can be scored in a number of ways, including carrying the ball over the goal line, throwing the ball to anotherplayerpastthegoallineorkickingitthroughthegoalpostsontheopposingside. w s: Ateamcanscorepointsinthefollowingay A touchdown (TD) is worth 6 points. It is scored when a player runs the ball into or catches a pass in his opponent's end zone. After a touchdown, the scoring team attempts an extra point conversion. The ball is placed at the 2-yard line. The team can kick the ball through the goal posts for 1 point, or run or pass it into the end zone for 2 points (a two-point conversion). A field goal (3 points) is scored by kicking the ball through the goal posts. A safety (2 points) A safety is scored by the defense when the offensive player in possession of the ball is forced back into his own endzoneandistackledthere.

Moving the Ball     Each team must have 11 players on the field at a time. The offense has four attempts, called downs, to advance the ball 10 yards towards their opponent's end zone. Before each down, each team chooses a play that the players are to follow on a down.                         When the offense gains 10 yards, it achieves a first down, which means the team has another set of four downs to gain yet another 10 yards or score with. If the offense fails to gain a first down (10 yards) after 4 downs, it loses possession of the ball. Often a defense will stop an offense for a loss. This denotes that the offense was pushed back beyond the original line of scrimmage for negative yardage. In this case the offense will have to recoup the negative yards in addition to the ten yards to gain a first down. Except at the beginning of halves and after scores, the ball is always put into play by a snap. Offensive players line up facing defensive players at the line of scrimmage (the position on the field where the play begins). One offensive player, the center, then passes (or "snaps") the ball between his legs to the quarterback.                       Each half begins with a kickoff. Teams also kick off after scoring touchdowns and field goals. The other team's kick returner tries to catch the ball and advance it as far as possible. Where the                                     player is stopped is the point where the offense will begin its drive, or series of offensive plays. If the kick returner catches the ball in his own end zone, the player can either run with the ball, or elect for a touchback by kneeling in the end zone, in which case the receiving team then starts its offensive drive from its own 20-yard line.             Players can advance the ball in the following ways:                 By running with the ball, also known as rushing, or by throwing the ball to a teammate, known as passing. The offense can throw the ball forward only once on a play and only from behind the line of scrimmage. The ball can be thrown, pitched, or tossed sideways or backwards at any time duringaplay(lateral). A down ends, and the ball becomes dead, after any of the following:                         ● Theplayerwiththeballisforcedtotheground(tackled) ●A forward pass flies out of bounds or touches the ground before it is caught                             ●go bounds Theballortheplayerwiththeball esoutof ●A team scores     ●Officials blow a whistle to notify all players that the down is over.                        

Strategy Each team has a playbook with hundreds of plays. Some plays are very safe and likely to get only a few yards. Other plays have the potential for long gains but at a greater risk of a loss of yardage or a turnover. Generally speaking, running plays are less risky than passing plays. However, there are relatively safe passing plays and risky running plays. To fool the other team, some passing plays are designed to resemble running plays and vice versa (trick play, play action). Many hours of preparation and strategy, including watching the tape by both players and coaches, go into the days between football games.               Turning the ball over       The offense maintains possession of the ball unless one of the following things happens:                           1.) The offense fails to get a first down— i.e., they fail to move the ball forward at least 10 yards downs. infour 2.) The offense scores a touchdown or field goal. The team that scored then kicks the ball to the other team via a kickoff         3.) The offense punts the ball           4.) When a defensive player catches a forward pass it is called an interception, and the player who makes the interception can run with the ball until the player is tackled or forced out of Bounds. 5.) An offensive player drops the ball (fumbles) and a defensive player picks it up. As with interceptions, a player recovering a fumble can run with the ball until tackled or forced out of                                 bounds. Lost fumbles and interceptions are together known as turnovers.                   6.) The offensive team misses a field goal attempt. The defensive team gets the ball at the spot of the kick.  

Time: Quarters and Halves       Each football game is broken down into segments called quarters. There are four quarters to each football game, and each quarter is 15 minutes in length. A quarter always lasts longer than 15 actual minutes (real time) due to timeouts, TV commercials, and injuries on the field. The 15 minutes on the clock is referred to as game time, and is kept track of via the game clock. The average NFL football game will usually last between 3-4 hours (real time). A half is two quarters in length and there are two halves in one game, 1st half and 2nd half. After the conclusion of the 1st half there is an intermission period called half-time. Half-time is 12 minutes in length (game cloc ktime).

Pre-game Before the game begins the National Anthem is performed, followed by a coin toss at mid-field to decide who will receive the ball first on the kickoff. Representatives from each team will gather at midfield with the referee who administers the toss. One of the representative players (usually the team captain) will call ―heads or ―tails while the coin is in the air. The side of the coin that lands face up will determine who will receive the ball first. The team who loses the coin toss gets to choose which end zone they would like to receive the football. A team will usually choose to receive the ball first if they win the toss, however sometimes a team will choose to kick off first instead. The rationale behind that decision is that whoever kicks the ball first gets to get the ball kicked to them at the start of the third quarter, which is the end of halftime. On the TV side of things, the announcers and analysts give game reports, conduct interviews and make prediction t. sinthepre-gamesegmen

Timeouts A time-out is a stoppage of the game clock. Each team gets 3 timeouts per half. A timeout will usually be called when a team needs to strategize, but it can be called for a variety of reasons, such as stopping the clock so field goal can be kicked in the last seconds of the game.                                   Half-Time Halftime is the middle point of a game where players leave the field and go to their respective                                   locker-roo regrou mstop,rest,andrefinetheirplansforthesecond-halfofthegame. Over-time Overtime is triggered if the score is tied at the end of regulation (after all 4 quarters have                                   expired). Overtime is 15 minutes in duration, but will end when a team scores. The first team                                 whoscoreswinsandthegameisover.Thisiscalled―suddendeath. **In college, the overtime period works differently. Each team will have a chance to respond to an opponent’s score, and there is no kickoff- the ball is automatically placed on the                             s itory. 35yardlineofthedefender’terr Refs & Penalties     Referees (or refs) are the people on the field who wear the striped black and white uniforms. Theyservetheveryimportantroleofenforcingtherulesofthegamebycallingpenaltiesagainst a player when the rules of the game are violated. When an infraction (violation) of the rules occurs,ayellowflagisthrownandapenaltyiscalled. Penalties If a penalty occurs during a play, an official throws a yellow flag near to where the foul was committed. When the play ends, the team that did not commit the penalty has the option of either acceptingthepenaltyoracceptingtheresultoftheplaywithoutthepenalty.

Common Penalties   ● Falsestart:Anoffensiveplayerillegallymovesafterliningupforthesnap. ● Off-sides:Adefensiveplayerisonthewrongsideoftheballatthestartofaplay. ●bal rrier. Holding:Illegallygraspingorpullinganopponentotherthanthel-ca ●Pass interference: Contacting an opponent to prevent him from catching a forward pass.                         ● Delayofgame:Failingtobeginanewplayafteracertaintime ●Face mask: Grasping or touching the face mask of another player                     Offense The Offensive unit consists of:         ●Offensive line (guards, center)       ●Receiv ers(widereceivers,tightends) ●Running backs (tailbacks, fullbacks)       Offensive line, (G - Guard, C – Center) OL/G protects the passer and clear the way for runners by blocking members of the defense. Center snaps the ball.                   Quarterback (QB) Receives the snap on most plays. Hand or toss ball to a running back, throw it to a receiver or run with the ball.               Running backs (RB) Line up behind or beside the QB and specialize in running with the ball. Theyalsoblock,catchpassesand,onrareoccasions,passtheballtoothers. Wide receivers (WR) Specialize in catching passes, and occasionally block downfield.                     Tight Ends (TE) Either play like wide receivers (catch passes) or like offensive linemen (protect the QB or create spaces for runners).            