Global Integration and Technology Transfer

Bernard Hoekman And Beata Smarzynska Javorcik

Description

The importance of international technology diffusion (ITD) for economic development can hardly be overstated. Both the acquisition of technology and its diffusion foster productivity growth. Developing countries have long sought to use both national policies and international agreements to stimulate ITD. The 'correct' policy intervention, if any, depends critically upon the channels through which technology diffuses internationally and the quantitative effects of the various diffusion processes on efficiency and productivity growth. Neither is well understood. New technologies may be embodied in goods and transferred through imports of new varieties of differentiated products or capital goods and equipment, they may be obtained through exposure to foreign buyers or foreign investors or they may be acquired through arms-length trade in intellectual property, e.g., licensing contracts.
'Global Integration and Technology Transfer' uses cross-country and firm level panel data sets to analyze how specific activities-exporting, importing, FDI, joint ventures-impact on productivity performance.

Sujets

• Technology transfer
• Productivity
• Technology adoption lifecycle
• Trade
• Growth

Informations

• Publié par: world-bank-publications
• Publié le: 27 avril 2006
• Nombre de lectures: 23
• EAN13: 9780821361269
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Global
integration
& Technology
Transfer
Editors
Bernard Hoekman • Beata Smarzynska JavorcikGlobal Integration
and Technology
Transfer Global Integration
and Technology
Transfer
Edited by Bernard Hoekman and
Beata Smarzynska Javorcik
A copublication of Palgrave Macmillan
and the World Bank©2006 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
1818 H Street NW
Washington, DC 20433
Telephone: [phone]
Internet: www.worldbank.org
E-mail: feedback@w
All rights reserved.
123409080706
A copublication of The World Bank and Palgrave Macmillan.
Palgrave Macmillan
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010
Companies and representatives throughout the world
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s
Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.
Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave®
is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries.
This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World
Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views
of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent.
The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors,
denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of
The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
Rights and Permissions
The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work with-
out permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Develop-
ment/The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce
portions of the work promptly.
For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete infor-
mation to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone:
978-750-8400; fax: [phone]; Internet: www.copyright.com.
All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office
of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: [phone];
e-mail: [e-mail].
ISBN-10: 0-8213-6125-2 (softcover) 0-8213-6371-9 (hardcover)
ISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6125-2 (softcover) 978-0-8213-6371-3 (hardcover)
eISBN-10: 0-8213-6126-0
eISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6126-9
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-6125-2
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Global integration and technology transfer/edited by Bernard Hoekman, Beata Smarzynska Javorcik.
p. cm. – (Trade and development series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6125-2
ISBN-10: 0-8213-6125-2
1. International economic integration. 2. International trade. 3. Investments, Foreign—
Developing countries. 4. Technology transfer—Economic aspects—Developing countries. 5. Indus-
trial productivity—Effect of technological innovations on—Developing countries. I. Hoekman,
Bernard M., 1959- II. Javorcik, Beata K. Smarzynska. III. Series.
HF1418.5.G5715 2005
337.1—dc22
2005043451
Cover photos: Royalty Free/Fotosearch; Royalty Free/Getty.
Cover designer: Tomoko Hirata.Contents
Foreword xi
Acknowledgments xv
Contributors xvii
Abbreviations and Acronyms xix
1 Lessons from Empirical Research on International
Technology Diffusion through Trade and Foreign
Direct Investment 1
Bernard Hoekman and Beata Smarzynska Javorcik
Part I LITERATURE SURVEYS
2 Econometric versus Case Study Approaches
to Technology Transfer 29
Howard Pack
3 Foreign Direct Investment, Linkages,
and Technology Spillovers 51
Kamal Saggi
4 Plant- and Firm-Level Evidence on “New”
Trade Theories 67
James R. Tybout
Part II FOREIGN TRADE AND PRODUCTIVITY
5 On the Quantity and Quality of Knowledge:
The Impact of Openness and Foreign R&D
on North-North and North-South Technology
Spillovers 99
Maurice Schiff and Yanling Wang
vvi Contents
6 The Knowledge Content of Machines:
North-South Trade and Technology Diffusion 113
Giorgio Barba Navaretti, Maurice Schiff,
and Isidro Soloaga
7 Exports and Economic Performance:
Evidence from a Panel of Chinese Enterprises 139
Aart Kraay
Part III FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFER, AND PRODUCTIVITY
8 Foreign Investment and Productivity Growth
in Czech Enterprises 161
Simeon Djankov and Bernard Hoekman
9 Technological Leadership and the Choice
of Entry Mode by Foreign Investors 179
Beata Smarzynska Javorcik
10 Does Foreign Direct Investment Increase the
Productivity of Domestic Firms? In Search
of Spillovers through Backward Linkages 207
Beata Smarzynska Javorcik
11 Product Quality, Productive Efficiency,
and International Technology Diffusion:
Evidence from Plant-Level Panel Data 241
Aart Kraay, Isidro Soloaga, and James R. Tybout
12 Market Discipline and Corporate Efficiency:
Evidence from Bulgaria 281
Simeon Djankov and Bernard Hoekman
13 Innovation in Mexico: NAFTA Is Not Enough 305
Daniel Lederman and William F. Maloney
Index 339
Figures
1.1 Perceived Effects of FDI in the Czech Republic and Latvia 11
6.1 Average Unit Values in Select Countries, 1989–97 121
6D.1 Persistency of the Technology Gap with One-Year Lag 133
6D.2 Persist the Tecyith Two-Y 134
6D.3 Persistency of the Technology Gap with Seven-Year Lag 134
8.1 Labor Productivity of Czech Firms with and without
Foreign Partners, 1991 167Contents vii
8.2 Total Factor Productivity Growth in Czech Firms
with and without Foreign Partners, 1992–96 168
8.3 Training and New Technology in Czech Firms
with and without Foreign Partners 168
9.1 R&D Intensity and Probability of a Joint Venture: Case 1 184
9.2ntensitry of a Joint Venture: Case 2 184
9.3 R&D Intensity and Probability of a Joint Venture: Case 3 185
10.1 Net FDI Inflows to Lithuania, 1993–2000 213
10.2 Change in Horizontal Measure, 1996–2000 220
10.3 Change in Backward Measure, 220
10.4 Change in Forward Variable, 1996–2000 221
13.1 Growth Rates of Total Factor Productivity
in Selected Countries and Regions, 1960–99 307
13.2 Patents per Million Workers in Selected
Regions, 1960–2000 308
13.3 Number of Scientific Publications and Patents in Mexico
Relative to Comparative Countries, 1960–2000 310
13.4 Ratio of R&D to GDP in Selected Countries 315
13.5 Innovation Inputs in Mexico 316
13.6 Efficiency of Research and Development
in Selected Countries, 1985–2000 322
13.7 IRCA Index in Selected Industries
and Countries, 1980–2000 323
13.8 Private Sector Perceptions of Quality of Scientific
Institutions and University–Private Sector
Collaboration, Selected Countries, 1994–2001 328
Tables
2.1 Technological Capabilities in Manufacturing Industry 36
5.1 Determinants of Total Factor Productivity
in OECD Countries 104
5.2 Determinants of Total Factory Productivity
in Developing Countries 108
6.1 Determinants of Total Factor Productivity 125
6.2 Choice of Technology 126
6A.1 Matching between Machines and Products 128
6C.1 Description and Source of Data for Variables 131
6C.2 Descriptive Statistics 132
7.1 Summary Statistics for Enterprise Sample 141
7.2 Distribution of Sample by Ownership and Sector, 1990 142
7.3 Summary Statistics on Exporters, 1988–92 143
7.4 Sters by Ownership
and Sector, 1990 144viii Contents
7.5 Size of Exporters and Nonexporters, 1988–92 145
7.6 Persistence and Volatility of Export Status 145
7.7 Performance of Exporters and Nonexporters 147
7.8 Basic Model Results 150
7.9 Export Histories 152
7.10 Basic Model Controlling for Export Histories 153
8.1 Descriptive Statistics of the Sample 166
8.2 Revenue Shares of Inputs, Mark-Up, and Scale
Estimates by Sector 171
8.3 Panel Regression Estimates 172
8.4 Spillover Effects on Firms without Foreign Linkages 173
8.5 Spillovems without FDI 174
9.1 Entry Modes Chosen by Investors in the Sample, by Country 188
9.2 Entry Moy Invest by Industry 189
9.3 Probit Model with Firm- and Industry-Level
R&D and Advertising Intensities 192
9.4 Classification of Industries by Technology Level 193
9.5 R&D Intensity of FDI Projects in Three-Digit SIC Industries 194
9.6 Probit Model with Relative R&D and Advertising Intensities 197
9.7 Bivariate Probit with Sample Selection 199
9.8 Marginal Effects of Bivariate Probit with Sample
Selection: Entry Mode Equation 200
10.1 FDI Inflows to Central and Eastern European
Countries, 1993–2000 214
10.2 Distribution of Firms with Foreign Capital,
by Industry, 2000 215
10.3 Summary Statistics 219
10.4 Additiona