Cours de C++ - Introduction

Cécile Braunstein

Description

CoursdeC++IntroductionCécile [e-mail] de C++ 1 / 20GénéralitéNotes• Interros cours 1/3• Contrôle TP 1/3• Mini projet 1/3• Bonus (Note de Participation) jusqu’à 2 pointsRéférences• H. GARRETA, Le langage et la bibliothèque C++, ellipses 2000• A. KOENIG, B. MOO, Accelerated C++, Addison Wesley 2006• http://www.cplusplus.com• http://www.google.com• http://www.cppreference.comCours de C++ 2 / 20WhyC++?C++• Middle level language• Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 at Bell Labs• First view as an extension of C (C with classes)Philosophy• C++ is designed to be a statically typed, general purposelanguage that is as efficient and portable as C• C++ is designed to give the programmer choice, even if thismakes it possible for the programmer to choose incorrectly• C++ is object language it implies :• Re use• Modularity• MaintainabilityCours de C++ 3 / 20Helloworld!helloworld.cpp// The first programm#include int main(){std::cout << "Hello, world !" << std::endl ;return 0;} Cours de C++ 4 / 20Callthecompilerg++ -Wall -g helloworld.cpp -o hello Compile Optionsg++ accepts most options as gcc• Wall : all warnings• g : include debug code• o : specify the outfile name (a.out by default)Cours de C++ 5 / 206Programdetails#includeMany fundamentals facilities are part of standard library rather thancore language#include #include directive + angle brackets refers to ...

Informations

• Publié par: Bejuf
• Nombre de lectures: 76
• Langue: English

Extrait

Cours de C++

Cours

de

C++

Introduction

Cécile Braunstein [e-mail]

1 / 20

Généralité

Notes • Interros cours • Contrôle TP • Mini-projet • Bonus (Note de Participation)

1/3 1/3 1/3 jusqu’à 2 points

Références • H. G ARRETA , Le langage et la bibliothèque C++, ellipses 2000 • A. K OENIG , B. M OO , Accelerated C++, Addison Wesley 2006 • c.www//:sulpsulp.comtpht • elc.oggomohttwww.p:// • .cceomferpnereww//pc.wtt:ph

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Why C++ ?

C++ • Middle-level language • Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 at Bell Labs • First view as an extension of C (C with classes)

Philosophy • C++ is designed to be a statically typed, general-purpose language that is as efficient and portable as C • C++ is designed to give the programmer choice, even if this makes it possible for the programmer to choose incorrectly • C++ is object language it implies : • Re-use • Modularity • Maintainability

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Hello world !

helloworld.cpp ✞ // The first programm

oCrused

#include<iostream>

intmain() { std::cout<<"Hello,

return0; } ✝

+C+

world

!"

<<

std::endl

;

✆

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Call the compiler

✞ g++ -Wall -g helloworld.cpp ✝

Compile Options g++ accepts most options as gcc

Cou

-o

hello

• Wall : all warnings • g : include debug code • o : specify the outfile name (a.outby default)

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Program details

#include Many fundamentals facilities are part ofstandard libraryrather than core language

✞ #include<iostream> ✝ ✆ #includedirective + angle brackets refers tostandard header

main function • C++ program must contain a function namedEvery main. When we run the program, the implementation call this function. • The result of this function is an integer to tell the implementation if the program ran successfully Convention :

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0:success| 6=0:fail

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Using the standard library for output

oCu

✞ std::cout<<"Hello, world !"<<std::endl; ✝

• < <: output operator • std : :: namespacestd • std : :cout: standard output stream • std : :endl: stream manipulator

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✆

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Expressions in C++ Type

• A variable is anobjectthat has a name. • An object is a part of the memory that has atype. • Every object, expression and function has a type. • Types specify properties of data and operations on that data.

Primitive types

C

bool char int unsigned long short float double

To improve the code re-use it is important to use the right type at the right place !

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Expressions in C++ Type conversion

Goal: bring the operands to each operator to a common type.

Some basic rules 1 Preserve information 2 Prefer unsigned conversion

Co

3 Promote values to larger type 4 Preserve precision

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Expressions in C++ Type conversion

Exercice ✞ #include<iostream> intmain() { floata = 1.2; floatc; intb;

oC

b = a; a = c;

std::cout<< c <<std::endl; return0; } ✝

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✆

✞ #include<iostream> intmain () { intd = -1; unsigned inte = d;

std::cout<< e <<std::endl; return0; } ✝

✆

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Variable definition ✞ #include<iostream> #include<string>

intmain() { std::cout <<"Your first name: ";

std::string name; std::cin>> name;

std::cout<<"Hello, " << name <<"!" <<std::endl; return0; } ✝

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• Variable can be define anywhere in the program. • local variableare destroyed when an end of block is reached. • Variable has a type and an interface • The variablenameis implicitly initialize

How to define a variable type-name name ; type-name name = value ; ✆  ;type-name name(args)

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