A revision of the European representatives of the microlepidopteran genus Dioryctria Zeller, 1846 (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae) [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Sonja Knölke

Sonja Knölke

Informations

• Publié par: ludwig-maximilians-universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 94
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 27 Mo

Extrait

A Revision of the European Representatives of
the Microlepidopteran
Genus Dioryctria ZELLER, 1846
(Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae)



Dissertation
zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades
der Fakultät für Biologie
der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München



















vorgelegt von
Sonja Knölke
München, 27.November 2007 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Klaus Schönitzer
Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Gerhard Haszprunar

Tag der Abgabe: 27.November.2007

Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 10.März.2008





















Hinweis:
Alle nomenklatorisch relevanten Handlungen in dieser Arbeit gelten im Sinne von Artikel 8.2
des Internationalen Codes für Zoologische Nomenklatur als unpubliziert (ICZN 2000).

Disclaimer:
All nomenclaturically relevant acts in this thesis have to be regarded as unpublished according
to Article 8.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 2000). Contents
I. Introduction ................................................................................................. 1
II. Material and Methods ................................................................................. 4
2.1. Taxon Sampling for Molecular, Morphological, and Ecological Investigation ............ 4
2.2. Preparation of Specimens and DNA-Extraction ........................................................... 6
2.2.1. Preparation and Investigation of Antennae ....................................................... 6
2.2.2. ens for Molecular Analyses and Genitalia Investigation 7
2.2.3. Photography and Imaging ................................................................................. 7
2.3. Morphological Data, Measurements, and Ecology 7
2.3.1. Measurements and Morphological Characters .................................................. 7
2.3.2. Sheared Principal Component Analysis (SPCA) .............................................. 9
2.4. Molecular Data ............................................................................................................ 10
2.4.1. DNA Sources and a New Method of Extraction ............................................. 10
2.4.2. Selection of Molecular Marker ....................................................................... 10
2.4.3. PCR Amplification, Primers, and Sequencing ................................................ 11
2.5. Data Analysis/Tree Constructions ............................................................................... 12
2.5.1. PAUP Analyses ............................................................................................... 12
2.5.2. Bayesian Analyses ........................................................................................... 12
III. Results ........................................................................................................ 13
3.1. Taxonomy of European Species .................................................................................. 13
3.1.1. Description of the genus Dioryctria .................................................................14
3.1.2. General Description of European Dioryctria .................................................. 18
3.1.3. Description abietella-group ............................................................................. 19
3.1.3.1. Dioryctria abietella ........................................................................ 19
3.1.3.2. Dioryctria aulloi ............................................................................. 21
3.1.3.3. Dioryctria mendacella .................................................................... 22
3.1.3.4. Dioryctria nivaliensis ..................................................................... 24
3.1.3.5. Dioryctria pineae ............................................................................ 25
3.1.3.6. Dioryctria resiniphila 27
3.1.3.7. Dioryctria simplicella 28
3.1.3.8. Dioryctria SK-1 sp.nov. - a new Species from La Palma ............... 31
3.1.4. Description schuetzeella-group ....................................................................... 33
3.1.4.1. Dioryctria schuetzeella ................................................................... 33
3.1.5. Description sylvestrella-group ........................................................................ 35
3.1.5.1. Dioryctria sylvestrella .................................................................... 35
3.1.6. Description taiella-group ................................................................................ 36
3.1.6.1. Dioryctria robiniella ....................................................................... 37
Plate III.1. Male Genitalia ........................................................................................... 39-40
Plate III.2. Female Genitalia ....................................................................................... 41-42 Plate III.3. Specimens .................................................................................................. 43-44
Plate III.4. Dioryctria simplicella Specimens ............................................................. 45-46
Plate III.5. Dioryctria SK-1 sp.nov .............................................................................. 47-48
3.2. Key to the European Dioryctria Species ..................................................................... 49
3.3. New Assignments to Species-Groups ......................................................................... 51
3.3.1. New Assignments to abietella-group .............................................................. 51
3.3.1.1. Assignment Dioryctria nivaliensis ................................................. 51
3.3.1.2. ent Dioryctria peltieri ....................................................... 51
3.3.1.3. Assignment Dioryctria postmajorella ............................................ 52
3.3.1.4. ent Dioryctria SK1 sp.nov. ............................................... 52
3.3.2. okui-group - a New Morphogroup .................................................................. 52
3.4. Phylogenetic Analyses ................................................................................................ 54
3.4.1. Trees Based on Morphological and Ecological Data ...................................... 54
3.4.1.1. Group Supports ............................................................................... 55
3.4.1.2. The auranticella-group ................................................................... 55
3.4.2. Trees Based on Molecular Data ...................................................................... 56
3.4.2.1. Parsimony Analysis ........................................................................ 56
3.4.2.2. Similarities and Differences Between Morphological and Parsimony
Trees ............................................................................................... 57
3.4.3. Trees Based on Combined Datasets ................................................................ 58
3.4.3.1. Paup Tree from Combined Datasets ............................................... 58
3.4.3.2. Trees from Bayesian Analyses ....................................................... 60
3.4.3.3. Genetic Variability .......................................................................... 62
Plate III.6. Male Genitalia Character States 64-65
Plate III.7. Female Genitalia Character States ............................................................ 66-67
3.5. The simplicella-Species-Complex .............................................................................. 68
3.5.1. The Current Species Status of D. simplicella auct. and D. mutatella auct....... 68
3.5.2. Re-evalution of Traits Allegedly Useful to Distinguish D. simplicella auct. and
D. mutatella auct. ............................................................................................ 69
3.5.2.1. Forewing Pattern ............................................................................. 69
3.5.2.2. Male Terminalia: Costa of Valve and Sella .................................... 70
3.5.2.3. Female Terminalia .......................................................................... 71
3.5.2.4. Distribution ..................................................................................... 71
3.5.3. General Investigation of all Members of the simplicella-Species-Complex ... 72
3.5.3.1. Sheared Principal Component Analysis (SPCA) of Five Dioryctria
Species ............................................................................................ 72
3.5.3.2. COI Sequence Analyses for D. simplicella auct. and D. mutatella
auct. ................................................................................................. 75
Cladistical Analysis .................................................................... 76
Sequence Variation .................................................................... 77
D. aulloi and D. resiniphila ....................................................... 78
Plate III.8. Male Antennae ....................................................................................