A study of personal and environmental factors influencing bullying [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Su-Jeong Kim

Su-Jeong Kim

Sujets

• Soziologie

Informations

• Publié par: ludwig-maximilians-universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2006
• Nombre de lectures: 19
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

A Study of Personal and
Environmental Factors
Influencing Bullying

Su-Jeong Kim









München 2004
1A Study of Personal and
Environmental Factors
Influencing Bullying

Su-Jeong Kim




Dissertation
an der Fakultät für Psychologie und Padagogik
der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München


Vorgelegt von
Su-Jeong Kim
Mokpo

München, September 2006

2

















Erster Gutachter : Prof. Dr. Albert Ziegler
Zweiter Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Kurt Heller
Tag der Muendlichen Pruefung: 2004 July

3Introduction 7
1 Theoretical Backgrounds 11
1.1 The situation of bullying in the world and the researches........... 11
1.1.1 Western Countries .............................................................. 11
1.1.2 Asian Countries .................................................................. 19
1.2 Aggression................................................................................. 22
1.2.1 Definition............................................................................. 22
1.2.2 Types of aggression ........................................................... 25
1.3 Bullying ...................................................................................... 29
1.3.1 Reasons of Bullying ............................................................ 33
1.3.2 Characteristics of Aggressors............................................. 34
1.3.3 istics of Victims ................................................... 36
1.3.4 Effect of being bullied ......................................................... 38
1.3.5 Gender difference in Bullying Behavior............................... 39
1.4 Effects of Attributions, Self, Social Relationships, Self-Perception
and Social Support ............................................................................... 42
1.4.1 Attributions.......................................................................... 42
1.4.2 Attributions of aggression ................................................... 43
1.4.3 Self ..................................................................................... 45
1.4.4 Social Relationship and Effects on Self .............................. 49
1.4.5 Self-Perception and Bullying............................................... 51
1.4.6 Social Support and Bullying................................................ 52
1.5 Effects of Environmental Factors 53
1.5.1 School Environment............................................................ 53
1.5.2 Family Envi 54
1.6 Effects of Attitudes toward Aggression and Cultural Beliefs....... 57
1.6.1 Attitude toward Aggression................................................. 57
1.6.2 Cultural Beliefs ................................................................... 59
2 Hypothesis 63
2.1 Experience in Bullying................................................................ 64
2.1.1 Number of Victims and Bullies ............................................ 64
2.1.2 Bullied Experience.............................................................. 64
42.1.3 Bullying Experience ............................................................ 65
2.1.4 Reasons for Bullying and Reactions to Bullying.................. 65
2.2 Factors Influencing Bully and Victim Tendencies....................... 68
2.2.1 Attributions.......................................................................... 68
2.2.2 Self-Perception ................................................................... 69
2.2.3 Attitude toward Aggression................................................. 69
2.2.4 Cultural Beliefs 70
2.2.5 Perceived Social Support ................................................... 71
2.2.6 Family (Caregiver) Factor 71
2.3 Conclusive Factors to Explain Changes in Bully and Victim
Groups.................................................................................................. 73
3 Method 74
3.1 Participants................................................................................ 74
3.1.1 Students ............................................................................. 74
3.1.2 Caregivers .......................................................................... 75
3.2 Procedure .................................................................................. 75
3.3 Measuring instruments............................................................... 75
3.3.1 Student Questionnaire ........................................................ 75
3.3.2 Caregivers’ Questionnaire .................................................. 86
3.4 Analysis ..................................................................................... 88
4 Results 89
4.1 Number of Bullies and Victims ................................................... 89
4.1.1 Number of Victims .............................................................. 89
4.1.2 The Number of Bullies ........................................................ 90
4.2 Bullied Experiences and Perpetrated Bullying ........................... 91
4.2.1 Bullied Experiences ............................................................ 93
4.2.2 Bullying experience........................................................... 102
4.3 Reason of Bullying and Reactions to Bullying.......................... 107
4.3.1 Victim Perspective 107
4.3.2 Bully Perspective .............................................................. 109
4.3.3 Bystander Perspective...................................................... 111
4.4 Bully Tendency and Victim Tendency ...................................... 113
54.5 Factors influencing Bully and Victim tendencies ...................... 117
4.5.1 Attributions and Self-Perception ....................................... 117
4.5.2 Attitudes toward Aggression and Cultural Beliefs ............. 123
4.5.3 Perceived Social Support and Bully and Victim Tendencies126
4.5.4 Family Factors: Attitudes toward aggression, raring style and
cultural beliefs................................................................................. 129
1.1.1................................................................................................ 132
4.5.5 Most effective factor among the variables......................... 132
4.6 Discriminant analysis ............................................................... 133
4.6.1 Changes in the Normal Group .......................................... 133
4.6.2 Changes in the Bulling Group........................................... 136
4.6.3 Changes in the Victims Group 137
4.6.4 Changes in the Bully-Victim Group ................................... 139
5 Summary and Discussion of the Results............................................. 142
5.1 Experience in Bullying.............................................................. 143
5.1.1 Number of Bullies and Victims .......................................... 143
5.1.2 Being Bullied Experience.................................................. 144
5.1.3 Bullying Experience .......................................................... 145
5.1.4 Reason of Bullying and the Reaction................................ 146
5.2 Factors influencing bully and victim tendencies ....................... 148
5.2.1 Attributional style .............................................................. 148
5.2.2 Self-concept...................................................................... 149
5.2.3 Attitude toward aggression ............................................... 150
5.2.4 Cultural Beliefs ................................................................. 151
5.2.5 Perceived Social Support ................................................. 152
5.2.6 Family (Caregiver) Factor 153
5.3 Suggestions ............................................................................. 155
6 References 159
7 Appendix 175
6Introduction
Students’ bullying phenomenon in schools increasingly became a
worldwide problem. After Dan Olweus started his first work on prevention
and intervention of bullying problems in the late 70’s (Olweus, 1978), a lot
of research has been conducted on this topic that led to a growing
understanding about bullying behavior and related factors. However, most
of the work was done in western countries, that means individualistic
cultures. Up to now, very few is known about the magnitude
phenomenology and predictors of bullying behavior in collectivistic
cultures. In general, the role of cultural beliefs was not examined in a
sufficient manner.
In individualistic cultures, bullying is a serious problem. According
to Bacchini et al. (1993), 40% of all students were bullied at least once a
time in their school career. Admittedly, the estimations of the extent of
bullying behavior vary in different studies (Hanewinkel & Knaak, 1997a;
O’Moore & Hillery, 1989; Whitney & Smith, 1993). However, it is doubtless,
that bullying behavior is particularly frequent in middle schools, i.e. in
adolescence. At the same time this stage is crucial for th