Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates in Dairy Cows Following Systemic Treatment with Ceftiofur or Penicillin [Elektronische Ressource] / Sabine Mann. Betreuer: Wolfgang Klee

Sabine Mann

Description

Aus dem Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Angefertigt unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr. W. Klee Angefertigt in der Ambulatory and Production Medicine Clinic, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Lorin D. Warnick, DVM, PhD, Diplomate Veterinary Preventive Medicine) Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates in Dairy Cows Following Systemic Treatment with Ceftiofur or Penicillin Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der tiermedizinischen Doktorwürde der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München von Sabine Mann aus Kirchheimbolanden München 2011 Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Dekan: Univ.-Prof. Dr. J. Braun Referent: Univ.-Prof. Dr. W. Klee Korreferent: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Ammer Tag der Promotion: 30. Juli 2011 II Wer nicht fragt, bleibt dumm! Volker Ludwig (* 13. Juni 1937) III Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1 II LITERATURE OVERVIEW ................................................................... 2 1 Antimicrobial agents ................................................................................. 2 1.1 The discovery of antimicrobial drugs in the 20th century ............

Informations

• Publié par: ludwig-maximilians-universitat_munchen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 29
• Langue: Deutsch

Extrait

 

 

Aus dem Zentrum für Klinische Tiermedizin der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München   Angefertigt unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr. W. Klee   Angefertigt in der Ambulatory and Production Medicine Clinic, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Lorin D. Warnick, DVM, PhD, Diplomate Veterinary Preventive Medicine)     Antimicrobial Susceptibility of FecalEscherichia coliIsolates in Dairy Cows Following Systemic Treatment

with Ceftiofur or Penicillin

Inaugural-Dissertation  zur Erlangung der tiermedizinischen Doktorwürde der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

von Sabine Mann aus Kirchheimbolanden   München 2011

                             

     

Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München  

Dekan: Univ.-Prof. Dr. J. Braun   Referent: Univ.-Prof. Dr. W. Klee   Korreferent: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Ammer           Tag der Promotion: 30. Juli 2011  

II

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

III

Wer nicht fragt, bleibt dumm!

Volker Ludwig (* 13. Juni 1937)

T ABLE OF C ONTENTS  

I 

II  1  1.1  1.2  2  2.1  2.2  2.3  2.3.1  2.3.2  2.3.3  2.4  2.5  3 3.1  3.2  3.3  3.4  3.4.1  3.4.2  3.5  3.5.1  3.5.2  4  5  6 

III  1   

Table of Contents 

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1 

LITERATURE OVERVIEW ................................................................... 2  Antimicrobial agents ................................................................................. 2  The discovery of antimicrobial drugs in the 20th century........................... 2  Antimicrobial mode of action...................................................................... 3  Antimicrobial resistance ........................................................................... 6  History of antimicrobial resistance.............................................................. 6 Antimicrobial resistance in human and veterinary medicine ..................... 7 Types and dissemination of resistance encoding genes ............................. 9 Horizontal gene transfer in bacteria ........................................................... 9 Mobile genetic elements ........................................................................... 10 Mutation ................................................................................................... 11 Mechanisms of resistance in bacteria ....................................................... 12 The cost of resistance ................................................................................ 14 Implications of resistance in veterinary and human medicine............ 15 Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance ..................................................... 16 Overlap of antimicrobials used in veterinary and human medicine .......... 16 Source of resistance encoding genes in human pathogens ........................ 18 Prudent antimicrobial usage ...................................................................... 19  Human medicine........................................................................................ 19 Veterinary medicine .................................................................................. 20 Alternatives to antimicrobial treatment ..................................................... 21 Phage therapy ............................................................................................ 21 Disease prevention .................................................................................... 22 Antimicrobial susceptibility testing ....................................................... 23 E. colias a model organism for studyingSalmonella 24 .......... ................. References ................................................................................................ 25 

PUBLICATION ....................................................................................... 36  Abstract .................................................................................................... 38 IV

2  3  4  4.1  4.2  4.3  4.4  4.5  4.6  4.7  4.8  5  5.1  5.2  5.3  5.4  6  7  8  9  10 

IV  1 

V 

VI 

VII  1  1.1    

Table of Contents 

Keywords.................................................................................................. 38  Introduction ............................................................................................. 38  Materials and Methods ........................................................................... 39  Study population and design ..................................................................... 39 Treatment protocol .................................................................................... 40 Sample collection and processing ............................................................. 40 Production of hydrophobic grid membrane filter master grids ................. 41 Colony replication ..................................................................................... 41 Quality control........................................................................................... 42 Imaging and analysis of colony growth .................................................... 42 Statistical analysis ..................................................................................... 43 Results....................................................................................................... 44 Effect of antimicrobial treatment onE. coliconcentration ....................... 44 Prevalence of isolates with RS to antimicrobials ...................................... 45 Effect of antimicrobial treatment on susceptibility ofE. coli................... 45 Individual cow and herd effect .................................................................. 46 Discussion ................................................................................................. 46 Conclusions .............................................................................................. 47 Acknowledgments.................................................................................... 47 References ................................................................................................ 48 Tables and Figures .................................................................................. 50

DISCUSSION........................................................................................... 54 References ................................................................................................ 58

SUMMARY.............................................................................................. 59 

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG......................................................................... 61

ANNEX..................................................................................................... 63 Unabridged materials and methods section .......................................... 63 References ................................................................................................. 67 

V

2 

3 

VIII 

 

 

Table of Contents 

Software analysis window....................................................................... 68

HGMF on spreadfilter device................................................................. 69

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS....................................................................... 70 

VI

A BBREVIATIONS  

Abbreviations 

ATCC American Type Culture Collection

AST Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

CCFA Ceftiofur crystalline-free acid

Cfu Colony Forming Unit   CIPARS The Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance DANMAP Danish Programme for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance DNA Deoxyribonucleic adic   EARS-Net European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network ECDC European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control EFSA European Food Safety Authority

ESBL

HGMF

MIC

mRNA

PBP

QC RNA RS

S 

 

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase

Hydrophobic grid membrane filter

Minimum inhibitory concentration

Messenger ribonucleic acid

Penicillin-binding protein

Quality control   Ribonucleic acid Reduced susceptibility

Svedberg unit, physical unit of sedimentation 

VII