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Publié par | friedrich-schiller-universitat_jena |
Publié le | 01 janvier 2009 |
Nombre de lectures | 29 |
Langue | English |
Poids de l'ouvrage | 9 Mo |
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ATTENTIONAL CAPACITY LIMITS IN FACE
PROCESSING: INTERFERENCE AND REPETITION
PRIMING FROM IRRELEVANT FACES
Dissertation
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades
doctor philosophiae (Dr. phil.)
swissenschaften und Verhalten-vorgelegt dem Rat der Fakultt fr Sozialder Friedrich-Schiller-Universitt Jena
Psych. Markus F. Neumann-von Dipl. geboren am 08.12.1976 in Gifhorn
Gutachter
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Tag des Kolloquiums: ____
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Table of contents
1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6.
i
Preface..................................................................................................................1
Introduction............................................................................................................3
2.1.
Attention..................................................................................................................3
2.1.1.
Filter accounts of selective attention..................................................................3
2.1.2.
A Capacity account: Perceptual Load Theory....................................................4
2.2.
Attention in Face Perception...................................................................................5
2.2.1.
Perceptual selectivity.........................................................................................6
2.2.2.
Attentional selectivity.........................................................................................7
2.2.3.
Attention orientation to faces.............................................................................8
2.2.4.
Automatic face processing...............................................................................10
2.2.5.
A Channel account in face processing: Evidence from Attentional Blink.........12
2.2.6.
Capacity limits of face processing....................................................................14
2.3.
Repetition Priming by faces..................................................................................16
2.3.1.
Repetition priming in an interactive activation model of face recognition........17
2.3.2.
Event-related potential correlates of repetition priming in face perception......19
2.4.
Neural correlates of attention in face repetition priming.......................................22
2.5.
Rationale of the current thesis..............................................................................25
2.6.
Empirical evidence................................................................................................26
2.6.1.
Research strand 1............................................................................................26
2.6.2.
Research strand 2............................................................................................27
Event-related potential correlates of repetition priming for ignored faces...........29
N250r and N400 ERP correlates of immediate famous face repetition are 39...........................................................................independent of perceptual loadnding to another N250r ERP Repetition Effects from Distractor Faces when Atte60................................Face under Load: Evidence for a Face Attention Resource88..............................................................................................General discussion6.1.
Long-term repetition effects from unattended faces.............................................88
6.2.
Immediate repetition effects from unattended faces.............................................93
6.3.
The role of eccentricity for distractor processing..................................................96
6.4.
ERP modulations by repetition and attention to faces..........................................98
6.4.1.
P100.................................................................................................................98
6.4.2.
N170..............................................................................................................100
6.4.3.
N250r.............................................................................................................101
ii
6.4.4. N400..............................................................................................................102
6.5. Alternative perspectives on processing ignored faces........................................103
6.5.1. Automaticity account......................................................................................103
6.5.2. General resource account..............................................................................106
6.6. Faces in the Perceptual Load Theory.................................................................107
6.6.1. Familiarity.......................................................................................................108
6.6.2. Salience.........................................................................................................108
6.6.3. Revising the Perceptual Load Theory............................................................110
7. Outlook..............................................................................................................112
8. References........................................................................................................114
Summary.................................................................................................................130
Zusammenfassung..................................................................................................131
List of abbreviations.................................................................................................132
133....................................................................................Contributions to publications
Curriculum vitae.......................................................................................................134
.........................................................................................Ehrenwrtliche Erklrung135
Preface
1. Preface
1
The way we experience our environment depends to a large extent on what we
attend to. Selective attention describes the mechanisms that enable us to choose to
process one stream of information rather than another. A matter of great debate over
decades in the field of selective attention is how the ignored information is handled
by the perceptual system, and whether this irrelevant information as a consequence
is lost for subsequent analysis.
The human face is of outstanding social relevance, and it appears plausible to
believe that faces may be treated in a special way by our perceptual system. The
idea that faces are ÒspecialÓ objects was inspired by clinical (Bodamer, 1947) and
experimental (Yin, 1969) evidence. More recently, brain regions were identified that
are activated preferably by faces (e.g., Kanwisher, McDermott, & Chun, 1997).
Moreover, some recent research has suggested that faces may have a special capa-
bility in attracting attention and in being processed despite massively reduced avail-
sources. eability of attentional r
Although both face perception and selective attention have long separate re-
search traditions, the interaction of these aspects has only recently started to be
examined, and specifically the respective underlying neural mechanisms are far from
being entirely understood. Accordingly, this thesis aims to provide evidence for the
influence of attention on face perception, and specifically focuses on the neural sub-
strates underlying these processes.
I am much obliged to all the people who supported me while I worked on this the-
sis. First and foremost, I would like to thank Stefan Schweinberger for his superb
supervision, guidance, and advice during the last years. His infectious enthusiasm
has been a great inspiration for my work on this project. Also, he generously gave me
the opportunity to present my work to other researchers on national and international
ences.rconfe
I would also like to thank Mike Burton for agreeing to co-supervise this thesis,
and for his input that helped me starting off with my empirical work in Jena.
Special thanks goes to Holger Wiese for being a great support inside and outside
the university. By involving me in setting up the EEG lab he provided me with an ex-
perience that allowed me to understand the EEG routines in much more depth than I
Preface
2
could have learned otherwise. His door was open whenever something had to be
discussed or explained, and I am very grateful for his comments on this manuscript.
Also, since I met Holger at our first day of work in Jena, he became a very good
friend, and I would like to thank him for his continuous private support.
Further, I would like to express my gratitude to Nadine Kloth. Working with her is
simply a pleasure, and I am deeply grateful for her friendship and her immense pri-
pecially during the last months. svate support, e