Beyond the shadows of utility [Elektronische Ressource] : evolutionary consumer theory and the rise of modern tourism / von: Andreas Chai

Chai

Informations

• Publié par: friedrich-schiller-universitat_jena
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2007
• Nombre de lectures: 21
• Langue: English

Extrait

Beyond the shadows of utility:
Evolutionary consumer theory and the rise of modern tourism.




Dissertation
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades
doctor rerum politicarum
(Dr. rer. pol.)





vorgelegt dem Rat der Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultät
der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena

am 31 Januar 2007





von: Andreas Chai B. Econ (Hons), B.A.

geboren am 25 Januar, 1980 in Hong Kong











i




































Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Ulrich Witt
Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Rolf Walter


Datum der Verteidigung: 11.07.2007
ii

Acknowledgements

Completing this dissertation has been a great learning experience, and I am grateful to a number of people
who have supported me along the way. First, thanks to Prof. Dr. Ulrich Witt and the Max Planck Society
for providing the financial support, research facilities, and the stimulating intellectual environment that
have made this work possible. As a supervisor, Prof. Dr. Witt always found the time to comment on my
work and gave me the freedom to pursue my own interests, for which I am very grateful. Thank you to the
numerous scholars who have commented on various parts of the dissertation, including Peter Earl, Marina
Bianchi, John Foster, Jens Krüger, Colin Campbell, Brian Loasby, Martin Lohman, Tom Weiss and others.
Special thanks goes to Guido Bünstorf, Thomas Brenner, Christian Cordes, Alessio Moneta, Wilhelm
Ruprecht, Corinna Manig, Julia Sophie Wörsdorfer, Christianne Bradler, Alex Frenzel and other colleagues
from the Evolutionary Economics Group for their comments and advice. I am particularly grateful to
Christian Schubert for his very generous help in the final weeks of drafting. Much appreciated was also the
constant administrative support from Karin Serfling and Inken Poßner, whose superhuman patience and
nonviolent methods for dealing with academics deserve to be applauded. Thanks to Horst Weinen and the
Zentralarchiv für Empirische Sozialforschung and the Forschungsgemeinschaft Urlaub und Reisen e.v. for
providing access to the Reiseanalyse data, as well as Helga Unterstell from TUI and Monika Ecken from
Lufthansa. For providing moments of relief, my thanks to the invincible Fiddlers Green rugby team Jena,
the English Stammtisch at the Kulturbahnhof, and the Jena catholic community. I would also like to thank
my parents, Joseph and Karin, whose faith, boundless energy and perseverance in life is a great inspiration.
Finally, I thank Inez for leaving everything behind in Australia, settling in Germany and supplying me with
food, support, and the occasional massage in an act of unconditional love of which I am surely not worthy.
iii




























ivTable of contents
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ........................................................................................................VII
1. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................1
1.1 The quantitative and qualitative growth of consumption................................................................ 1
1.2 A new approach .............................................................................................................................. 6
2. LEARNING CONSUMERS AND MARKET EVOLUTION .............................................................10
2.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2 Menger’s challenge....................................................................................................................... 11
2.3 Psychological approaches to learning ........................................................................................... 15
2.4 The evolutionary synthesis............................................................................................................ 19
2.5 The implications for market evolution.......................................................................................... 24
2.6 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 32
3. CONSUMER SPECIALIZATION AND THE ROMANTIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE
BRITISH GRAND TOUR OF EUROPE.............................................................................................. 34
3.1 Introduction.................... 34
3.2 The want for arousal and the evolution of entertainment.............................................................. 36
3.3 The evolution of the Grand Tour .................................................................................................. 43
3.4 Specialization and the want for arousal ........................................................................................ 51
3.5 The Romantic transformation ....................................................................................................... 55
3.6 Spnd its impact on habituation dynamics................................................................. 58
3.7 Conclusion................... 66
4. CONSUMER GENERALIZATION AND THE MUTATION OF BRITISH RESORTS................68
4.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................... 68
4.2 Expert advice and the evolution of consumption .......................................................................... 71
4.3 The want for health and the demand for medical advice............................................................... 73
4.4 The evolution of resort treatments ................................................................................................ 81
4.5 The foundations of modern resort tourism....................................................................................89
4.6 The birth of modern resort tourism...... 93
4.7 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 100
5. THE SPECIALIZATION, SATURATION AND ADAPTATION IN THE GERMAN
ORGANIZED TOURISM INDUSTRY, 1971-1994. 102
5.1 Introduction.................. 102
5.2 Specialization and substitution.................................................................................................... 104
5.3 Market hierarchies and saturation ............................................................................................... 108
5.4 Tourism intermediaries ............................................................................................................... 111
5.5 The German postwar organized tourism market ......................................................................... 116
5.6 Empirical analysis....................................................................................................................... 121
5.7 Conclusion................. 133
6. A GLIMPSE BEYOND THE SHADOWS: THE NEW MICROECONOMICS OF
ENDOGENOUS GROWTH ................................................................................................................ 136
6.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................. 136
6.2 Identifying the determinants of consumption growth. ................................................................ 137
6.3 Implications for consumer sovereignty and endogenous growth ................................................ 140
6.4 Outlook ....................................................................................................................................... 147
APPENDICES ...........................................................................................................................................151
REFERENCE LIST ..................................................................................................................................155
v
viList of Tables and Figures

Table 1.1 World tourism arrivals and receipts………………………………………………2
Table 1.2: Sample of US consumption expenditure shares, 1901 and 2003……….……..…..4
Figure 2.1 Functional change in the case of specialization and generalization…….……..…20
Table 5.1: Impact of specialization and generalization on markets…….…………..………22
Figure 3.1: Factors influencing the want for arousal……………………..…………..…….29
Figure 3.2: The Wundt curve……………………….……………………………………..30
Figure 3.3: Expenditure of a tourist in France, late 16th century…………..…………... 36
thFigure 3.4: British print literature in the 18 century……….…………………………….. 39
Figure 5.1 The relative price of package tours, 1970-1995………………………………. 104
Figure 5.2. The German propensity to