Characterisation and evolution of periglacial landscapes in Northern Siberia during the Late Quaternary [Elektronische Ressource] : remote sensing and GIS studies / von Guido Grosse

Grosse, Guido

Informations

• Publié par: universitat_potsdam
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2005
• Nombre de lectures: 27
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 5 Mo

Extrait

Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam
Working Group “Periglacial Dynamics”




Characterisation and evolution of periglacial landscapes in Northern
Siberia during the Late Quaternary – Remote sensing and GIS studies










Dissertation
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades
„doctor rerum naturalium“
(Dr. rer. nat.)
in der Wissenschaftsdisziplin „Geologie“











eingereicht an der
Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät
der Universität Potsdam




von
Guido Grosse





Potsdam, März 2005

Table of contents
Table of contents .........................................................................................................................I
Abstract ....................................................................................................................................IV
Kurzfassung..............................................................................................................................VI
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Scientific background................................................................................................. 1
1.1.1 Permafrost and permafrost distribution.............................................................. 1
1.1.2 Permafrost in the Quaternary ............................................................................. 2
1.1.3 Permafrost as palaeoclimate archive.................................................................. 3
1.1.4 Permafrost and changing climate ....................................................................... 4
1.2 Aims and approaches 5
1.2.1 Basic ideas.......................................................................................................... 5
1.2.2 Field work 7
1.3 Study area................................................................................................................... 7
1.3.1 Geography of the Laptev Sea region.................................................................. 7
1.3.2 Geology and tectonics ........................................................................................ 9
1.3.3 Palaeogeography during the Late Pleistocene.................................................. 10
1.3.4 Ice Complex and thermokarst .......................................................................... 13
1.4 Synopsis 14
2. The use of CORONA images in remote sensing of periglacial geomorphology: An
illustration from the NE Siberian coast ............................................................................ 16
2.1 Abstract .................................................................................................................... 16
2.2 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 16
2.3 The CORONA program and its satellite images...................................................... 17
2.4 Investigation area ..................................................................................................... 17
2.5 Image processing...................................................................................................... 19
2.6 Mapping of thermokarst and water surfaces ............................................................ 22
2.7 Results ...................................................................................................................... 25
2.8 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 26
3. Application of Landsat-7 satellite data for the quantification of thermokarst-affected
terrain types in the periglacial Lena-Anabar coastal lowland .......................................... 27
3.1 Abstract .................................................................................................................... 27
3.2 Introduction 27
3.3 Approach .................................................................................................................. 31
I
3.4 Investigation area ..................................................................................................... 31
3.5 Fieldwork ................................................................................................................. 34
3.6 Digital elevation data ............................................................................................... 35
3.7 Remote sensing data................................................................................................. 35
3.7.1 Basic information ............................................................................................. 35
3.7.2 Classification approach .................................................................................... 37
3.8 Results and analyses 39
3.8.1 Classification results ........................................................................................ 39
3.8.2 Evaluation and accuracy assessment of the classification ............................... 39
3.8.3 Analysis of the classification result.................................................................. 42
3.9 Discussion ................................................................................................................ 46
3.10 Conclusion 48
4. Geological and geomorphological evolution of a periglacial landscape complex in
Northeast Siberia during the Late Quaternary 50
4.1 Abstract .................................................................................................................... 50
4.2 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 50
4.3 Study area................................................................................................................. 54
4.4 Methods and Materials............................................................................................. 57
4.4.1 Compilation of a cryolithological field data base ............................................ 58
4.4.2 Satellite remote sensing data............................................................................ 63
4.4.3 Digital elevation data ....................................................................................... 64
4.5 Results ...................................................................................................................... 64
4.5.1 Sediment studies............................................................................................... 64
4.5.2 Derivation of landscape development stages from surface structures ............. 72
4.5.3 Terrain analysis ................................................................................................ 76
4.6 Evolution of the landscape and discussion............................................................... 77
4.6 78
4.6.1 Pliocene – Early Pleistocene ............................................................................ 78
4.6.2 Early Weichselian (Zyryan Stadial) ................................................................. 78
4.6.3 Middle Weichselian (Kargin Interstadial)........................................................ 81
4.6.4 Late Weichselian (Sartan Stadial).................................................................... 82
4.6.5 Transition period from Late Weichselian (Sartan Stadial) – Early Holocene.. 83
4.6.6 Early Holocene................................................................................................. 85
4.6.7 Middle-Late Holocene...................................................................................... 87
II
4.7 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 88
5. Synthesis........................................................................................................................... 91
5.1 Intention ................................................................................................................... 91
5.2 Methods and techniques........................................................................................... 92
5.3 Results ...................................................................................................................... 94
5.3.1 Periglacial surface structures and thermokarst quantification.......................... 94
5.3.2 Reconstruction of the Palaeo-landscape evolution........................................... 95
5.4 Outlook..................................................................................................................... 97
5.4.1 Further investigations of important processes.................................................. 97
5.4.2 Future tasks for the observation and monitoring of change in periglacial
landscapes......................................................................................................................... 98
6. References....................................................................................................................... 101
Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................