Chern characters for topological groups [Elektronische Ressource] / vorgelegt von Marcus Meyer

Marcus Meyer

Sujets

• Mathematics

Informations

• Publié par: westfalische_wilhelms-universitat_munster
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2006
• Nombre de lectures: 21
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Mathematik
Chern Characters for Topological Groups
Inaugural-Dissertation
zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades
der Naturwissenschaften im Fachbereich
Mathematik und Informatik
der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät
der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster
vorgelegt von
Marcus Meyer
aus Münster
– 2006 –Dekan: Prof. Dr. Joachim Cuntz
Erster Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Lück
Zweiter Gutacher: PD Dr. Michael Joachim
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 24. Januar 2007
Tag der Promotion: 31. Januar 2007Contents
Introduction 5
1 The Basic Setup 9
1.1 Totally Disconnected Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2 The Orbit Category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.3 Modules over a Category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.4 G-CW-Complexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.5 Equivariant Homology Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.6 The Associated Bredon Homology Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1.7 Linear Algebraic Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2 Equivariant (Co)Homology Theories 43
2.1 Borel Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.2 Equivariant Bivariant K-theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3 Flat and Injective Modules over a Category 61
3.1 Flat Modules over a Category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.1.1 Classification of Projective Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.1.2 Mackey Functors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.2 Injective Modules over a Category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.2.1 Classification of Injective Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.2.2 Mackey Functors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.3 Applications to K-Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4 The Construction of the Equivariant Chern Character 89
4.1 The Homological Equivariant Chern Character . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4.2 The Cohomological Equivariant Chern Character . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4.3 About the Non-Existence of Equivariant Chern Characters . . . . . . 98
5 Comparison of Different Chern Characters 103
5.1 The Comparison Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
5.2 A Chern Character for Discrete Groups (Lück/Oliver) . . . . . . . . . 104
5.3 A Cohomological Chern Character for Prodiscrete Groups (Sauer) . . 106
5.4 A Chern Character for Discrete Groups (Lück) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
5.5 A Bivariant Chern Character for Profinite Groups (Baum/Schneider) . 109
5.6 A Bivariant Character for l-Groups (C. Voigt) . . . . . . . . . . 111
3Contents
Appendices
A The Group Ring 119
B Limit Behavior of Flat, Projective and Injective Modules 121
Bibliography 127
Table of Notation 131
Index 133
4Introduction
To win war, you gotta become war.
(John J. Rambo)
One of the first questions in algebraic topology might be which data determine a
homology theoryH completely. One might conjecture that there exists a natural∗
equivalence of homology theories (restricted to CW-complexes)
ch : H (?;H ({•}))→H (?),∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
where the left hand side is cellular homology. This turns out to be too ambitious, but
ifH has rational coefficients, it is a theorem of Dold [19]. A similar statement can∗
be made in the cohomological case.
For proper actions of discrete groups, Lück [29, 30] generalized this theorem to the
equivariant case. We give a brief survey of his work in Section 5.4. As input, we have
proper equivariant homology theories (1.5.8), and cellular homology is replaced by
Bredon homology (1.6.2). In this case, the coefficients are modules over the subgroup
category. This approach splits up into two parts. Lück constructed a natural map
G ? Gech : H (X /C ?)⊗ H (G/?)→H (X) (∗)∗ G ∗∗ Sub (G) ∗FIN
and then identified the left hand side with Bredon homology by showing the flatness
GofH (G/?) (provided a Mackey structure (1.5.10) exists). Similar considerations can∗
be made in the cohomological case.
The starting point of this thesis was the question if one can generalize this approach
to proper smooth actions of totally disconnected groups.
We can construct a similar map to (∗) using the orbit category
G ? Gech : H (X )⊗ H (G/?)→H (X) (∗∗)∗ ∗∗ Or (G) ∗CO
instead of the subgroup category even for topological groups. If G is unimodular
and the semigroups mor (G/H,G/H) are finite for any compact open subgroupOr (G)CO
H ⊆ G and a Mackey structure exists, then the coefficient modules are flat (over
the orbit category) and we get the desired theorem. In special cases, e.g., the Borel
construction, we can weaken this assumption to locally finite. Note that passing to
the orbit category is a severe restriction and, consequently, this approach does not
apply to discrete groups in general. Indeed, even for p-adic Lie groups, there exist
examples (3.3.4, 4.3.2), where the coefficient module is flat viewed as a module over
thesubgroupcategorybutfailsto be flatovertheorbitcategory. Itisevenworsesince
5Introduction
in Example 4.3.2 a Chern character does not exist at all. Therefore, we cannot use
the subgroup category but we must be satisfied with the orbit category. However, this
approach does work for semisimple p-adic groups. Hence the main theorem (4.1.7) of
this thesis is
?Theorem. Let R be a semisimple commutative ring withQ⊆R. LetH be an equi-∗
variant proper smooth homology theory with values in R-modules which has a Mackey
structure on coefficients. Let G be a semisimple p-adic group. Then there is an iso-
morphism of equivariant proper smooth homology theories
G G Gch :BH (X,A)→H (X,A)∗ ∗ ∗
which is natural in (X,A) and compatible with the boundary maps.
An analogous statement can be made for any topological group if we consider equi-
variant smooth coproper homology theories. As a corollary (4.1.8) we obtain
Theorem. Let G be a semisimple p-adic group. Then we get an isomorphism
M
G ∗∼CH (βG) K (C G)⊗C,= n2k+n r
k∈Z
Gwhere CH denotes cosheaf homology and βG the affine Bruhat-Tits building.∗
In the cohomological case, the first part carries over directly. In the second part, we
have to prove injectivity instead of flatness, which turns out to be a more restrictive
1condition. Basically, this means that a lim -term comes into play, which has to vanish.
Unfortunately, this seems to happen very rarely. Even in very basic examples (3.3.8)
the derived limit does not vanish.
Meanwhile, ChristianVoigthasconstructedforl-groupsabivariantCherncharacter
for K-theory which we will discuss in Section 5.6.
The structure of this thesis is as follows. Chapter 1 introduces the basic terms. Along
the way, we discuss under which conditions the semigroup mor (G/H,G/H) isOr (G)CO
a group, which turns out to be a necessary condition to apply the machinery in Chap-
ter 3. Furthermore, we establish some finiteness results for mor (G/H,G/K)Or (G)CO
which are needed in Chapter 3, too. In Chapter 2, we introduce the Borel construc-
tion and equivariant K-theory. We prove that they yield equivariant (co)homology
theories and admit a Mackey structure on coefficients. In Chapter 3, we prove flatness
and injectivity results for modules over the orbit category and over the subgroup cat-
egory, respectively. This is denoted by the “second part” in the above discussion. In
Chapter 4, we construct the map (∗∗) and obtain the main results. In Chapter 5, we
compare our Chern character with several ones which were known before. It turns out
that all these constructions coincide if they exist.
6Conventions
Finally, we want to state some global conventions. Throughout this thesis we will
work in the category of compactly generated Hausdorff spaces (see [50] and [58, I.4]).
In particular, this implies that every topological group is Hausdorff and whenever we
consider a homogenous spaceG/H, the subgroupH⊆G is closed. Moreover, all rings
are assumed to be associative and to have a unit.
Acknowledgments
It is a pleasure to end this introduction with acknowledgments. My thanks go to
Matthias Strauch for his help concerning algebraic groups and to Siegfried Echterhoff
concerning K-theory. Furthermore, I would like to thank all the members of the “Ar-
beitsgruppe Topologie”, especially Philipp Rumpf and Michael Weiermann for many
fruitful discussions. I am very grateful for the financial support that I got from the
Graduiertenkolleg “Analytische Topologie und Metageometrie”. Last but not least, I
want to express my gratitude to my advisor Wolfgang Lück for his intelligent choice
of the subject, his support and help.
71 The Basic Setup
In this chapter, we introduce the basic definitions and develop the basic tools which
will be needed in the sequel.
First, we introduce totally disconnected groups and discuss their basic properties.
Although they are not needed for our Chern character, they will appear in the last
chapter. Moreover, we will often deal with group actions which have compact open
isotropy groups. In many cases, totally disconnected groups provide such actions. In
the second section, we introduce the orbit category. This category appears naturally
in the study of G-CW-complexes for a group G