Combinatorial semantics and idiomatic expressions in head-driven phrase structure grammar [Elektronische Ressource] / Manfred Sailer

Informations

• Publié par: eberhard_karls_universitat_tubingen
• Publié le: 01 janvier 2003
• Nombre de lectures: 12
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

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Combinatorial Semantics and Idiomatic Expressions
in Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar
Manfred Sailer
Philosophische Dissertation
angenommen von der Neuphilologischen Fakult at
der Universit at Tubingen
am 15. November 2000
Tubingen
2003Gedruckt mit Genehmigung der Neuphilologischen Fakult at
der Universit at Tubingen
Hauptberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Erhard W. Hinrichs
1. Mitberich Priv. Doz. Dr. Friedrich Hamm
2. Mitberichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Uwe M onnich
3. Mitberich Prof. Dr. Jurgen Pafel
Dekan Prof. Dr. Tilman BergerContents
Acknowledgments 1
Introduction 3
Introduction 3
I. A Logical Form for HPSG 9
Chapter 1. content, Logical Form and Lexicalized Flexible Ty2 11
1.1. What Is an HPSG Grammar? 12
1.2. content and LF 22
1.3. Introduction to Lexicalized Flexible Ty2 35
1.3.1. The Choice of the Semantic Representation Language 35
1.3.2. Ty2 37
1.3.3. Lexicalized Flexible Ty2 44
1.4. Summary 61
Chapter 2. RSRL 63
2.1. De nitions 64
2.2. AVMs and Other Conventions 79
2.3. The Syntactic Analysis 82
2.3.1. General Architecture 83
2.3.2. The Analysis of Passive and Complement Extraction 94
Chapter 3. Ty2 in RSRL 105
3.1. The RSRL grammarTY2 106
3.1.1. Natural Numbers 106
3.1.2. Types 107
3.1.3. Terms 111
3.1.4. Simpli cation ofTY2 115
3.2. Ty2 as a model ofTY2 117
3.3. The Equivalence ofTY2 and Ty2 121
3.4. Terms as Descriptions 127
3.5. Extending and IntegratingTY2 133
Chapter 4. Lexicalized Flexible Ty2 in HPSG 141
4.1. LF-Ty2 without -Conversion 142
4.2. Formalization of -Conversion 164
iiiiv CONTENTS
4.2.1. First Alternative 170
4.2.1.1. Formalization 170
4.2.1.2. Integration 179
4.2.1.3. Summary 185
4.2.2. Second Alternative 185
4.2.2.1. Terms of Ty2 as Chains 187
4.2.2.2. -Conversion de ned on Chains 201
4.2.2.3. Integration 206
4.3. Interaction with DRs 214
4.4. Summary 230
4.5. Excursion: The Potential of Chains and Quanti cation in RSRL 232
II. Idiomatic Expressions 241
Chapter 5. Introduction 243
Chapter 6. The Data 247
6.1. Criteria of Regularity 247
6.2. Applying the Criteria to some IEs 251
6.3. Interpreting the Data 267
Chapter 7. Existing Approaches 275
7.1. IEs in GPSG 275
7.2. IEs in TAG 284
7.2.1. A Brief Introduction to Synchronous TAG 285
7.2.2. A TAG Analysis of IEs 294
7.3. IEs in Constructional HPSG 303
7.3.1. A Brief Introduction to Constructional HPSG 303
7.3.2. A HPSG Analysis of IEs 311
7.4. Summary 316
Chapter 8. The Analysis 319
8.1. Internally Irregular IEs 320
8.2. In Regular IEs 334
8.2.1. An Informal Outline of the Analysis 334
8.2.2. Formalization of the Analysis 342
8.2.3. The Other IEs 352
8.3. A Uni ed Treatment of the coll Attribute 361
8.4. Appendix: External Modi cation 367
Chapter 9. Conclusion 373
9.1. Comparison to the Other Approaches 373
9.2. The Role of the coll Feature 376
9.3. Compositionality? 380CONTENTS v
Summary 383
Summary 383
Appendix A. Proofs and Additional De nitions 387
1.1. Proofs for Chapter 3 387
1.2. Extended De nitions 395
1.3. Additional for Chapter 4 397
1.3.1. De nitions for Section 4.2.1 397
1.3.2. Additional for 4.2.2 399
1.3.3. De nitions for Section 4.3 402
Bibliography 405Acknowledgments
It is a great pleasure to thank my teachers, colleagues and friends, all the people who
have helped me with their comments, questions and grammaticality judgments, and the
family who has supported me throughout my work on this thesis.
Far too much time has passed between the completion of this thesis and its publication.
Therefore, the sources consulted are dated prior to 2001 despite the considerable attention
paid to combinatorial semantics and idiomatic expressions within the last two years. How-
ever, since I am still working in the eld, I hope to be able to do justice to this research in
other publications.
I was rst introduced to the HPSG formalism in Paul King’s classes. The feedback and
con dence I received through the exchange of ideas with Thilo G otz, Tilmann H ohle, Paul
King, Gerald Penn, Carl Pollard, Adam Przepi orkowski, Frank Richter and Kiril Simov
encouraged many of the points which I developped in my thesis.
I am especially grateful for the fruitful environment in which discussions on the usage
of this formalism for writing grammars could ourish among all of us in the HPSG group
in Tubingen: Mike Calcagno, Dale Gerdeman, Erhard Hinrichs, Tilmann H ohle, Valia Ko-
rdoni, Anna Kupsc, Kordula de Kuthy, Detmar Meurers, Guido Minnen, Paola Monachesi,
Gerald Penn, Adam Przepi orkowski, Lucia Reinhard, Sabine Reinhard, and Frank Richter.
The incorporation of standard semantics into HPSG was nurtured by the advise and
inspirational climate in which many ideas of my thesis could mature. I thank the following
people for their contribution: Ralf Albrecht, Sigrid Beck, Fritz Hamm, Herman Hendriks,
Erhard Hinrichs, Tilmann H ohle, Tibor Kiss, Wim Klooster, Valia Kordoni, Uwe M onnich,
Adam Przepi orkowski, Satoshi Tomioka. I would also like mention Klaus Schulz for his
excelent treatment of Montague grammar in his introductory semantics class.
Thanks also to Tilmann H ohle for awakening my interest in idiomatic expressions and
to Anna Siewierska in whose class on Functional Grammar I could explore the collocational
perspective which ripened into the theory presented in Part II.
I would like to express my appreciation to the people who enriched my understand-
ing of related topics: Michaela Banzhaf, Joana B laszczak, Mily Crevels, Francis Corblin,
Agnes Gobbo, Pawe l Karnowski, Inge P ugfelder, Danuta Przepi orkowska, Beata Trawinski,
Ruben van der Vijfer.
A special thank goes to the brave people that agreed to read drafts of this thesis or
helped to improve my English: Fritz Hamm, Erhard Hinrichs, Laura Kallmeyer, Kordula
de Kuthy, Detmar Meurers, Gerald Penn, Guergana Popova, Adam Przepi orkowski, Janina
Rad o, Christian Richard, Frank Richter, Jesse Tseng. Carmella Payne, nally , proofread
the entire thesis.
For technical and tex-nical support, I am grateful to Michael Betsch, Detmar Meurers,
Gerald Penn and Jochen Saile.
12 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
All these people have directly contributed to the genesis of this work. Just as im-
portantly, I would like to thank everyone; Your presence made the writing of this thesis
enjoyable.
I would also like to express my gratitude to my reviewers, Erhard Hinrichs, Fritz Hamm,
Uwe M onnich and Jurgen Pafel, whose comments encourage me on to further research.
Special thanks also to the members of the Special Research Program Linguistic Data
Structures (SFB 441) for accomodating the continuation of my work on collocations and in
particular to the people who have worked with me on the project so far: Carmella Payne,
Frank Richter and Jan-Philipp Soehn.
Enjoying that occasional cup of co ee helped bring balance to my life. I am grateful
to those who managed to make me forget about the thesis from time to time: Chedva
and Shimshon Bar-Yehuda, Martin Engelhard, Claudia Ferber, Michael Kaschek, Heidi,
Joschka and So a Muller, Lars Optehostert, Inge P ugfelder, Susanne, Christian, Karla
and Bernhard Traulsen.
A very special thanks goes to my parents and to my in-laws for being there whenever I
needed help. The only reward that I can o er to them is to try and do my best to be as
supportive to my son as they have been to my wife and me.
Finally, I am grateful to my wife Anne and to our son Ruben. They put up with me
through all my enthusiasm, frustration and procrastination in writing this thesis.Introduction
One of the most striking and, at the same time, most intriguing properties of language
is the harmonious interplay of regularity and irregularity. While in language these two are
as inseparable as two sides of a coin, di eren t grammatical traditions emphasize either the
regularities of language or its irregularities. In either case, the \other side of the coin"
provides a rich source of counterexamples to the claims made by the respective theory.
Since it is obvious that both phenomena are part of natural language, any architecture of
grammar that ignores one of them is doomed to be empirically inadequate. To do justice
to regularity, the grammar must minimize the areas of irregularity and express as many
generalizations as possible. To acknowledge the irregularity of language, the tools used
to account for irregularity should t in a natural way into the overall architecture. In
this thesis, we develop the framework of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG)
further in the direction of a theory that meets these two requirements.
In this thesis, we are concerned with the interaction of regularity and irregularity in
combinatorial semantics, i.e., in the way complex syntactic structures are interpreted. The
empirical domain of our study is the varying degree of syntactic and semantic regularity
attested in the continuum between free combinations, (more or less exible) idiomatic ex-
pressions, and fully xed expressions. We will explore in this introduction and, detail in
later chapters of this thesis that the sentences in (1) contain VPs which exhibit di eren t
degrees of regularity and irregularities.
(1) a. John saw Mary.
b. Pat spilled the beans.
c. Pat trippe